Class notes ANAPHY

FIDEL SANTONG ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
BSN 1A

SKELETAL SYSTEM LECTURE


GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF BONE ANATOMY
 Foramen - hole in bone
 Canal/Meatus - hole elongated into a tunnel like passage through bone
 Fossa- depression in bone
 Tubercle/Tuberosity - lump in bone
 Process - projection from a bone
 Condyle - smooth rounded end of bone where it forms an articulation
with another bone

AXIAL SKELETON
 Includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
 The part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and
trunk of a vertebrate.

SKULL
Consists of 22 bones:
 8 forming the brain case
 14 facial bones
 Hyoid bone & Ossicles are associated with the skull.

VERTEBRAL COLUMN
 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacral, 1 coccygeal
 4 major curvatures
 Defects: kyphosis, lordosis, & scoliosis
 5 major functions
1. Supports weight of head & trunk
2. Protects spinal cord
3. Allows spinal nerves to exit the SC
4. Provides site for muscle attachment
5. Permits head & trunk movement

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN VERTEBRAE
 Cervical: have transverse foramina
 Thoracic: have long spinous processes & attachment sites for ribs
 Lumbar: have rectangular transverse & spinous processes, position of
facets limit rotation
 Sacrum: single fused bone
 Coccyx: 4 or fewer fused vertebrae

THORACIC CAGE
 Consists of thoracic vertebrae, ribs & sternum
 Fxn: protects vital organs within the thorax, prevents collapse of
thorax during respiration
 12 rib pairs: 7 true, 5 false
 Sternum consists of manubrium, body and xiphoid process

APPENDICULAR SKELETON