ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 260 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic
leukemia (ALL)?
a. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of
greater than 30%lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As the
immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic
cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize
immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22
create an abnormal,fused gene identified as BCR-ABL. -
...ANSWER...a
RATIONALE: ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by
the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone
marrow or blood. None of the other options provide an
accurate description of ALL.
Which description is consistent with chronic myelogenous
leukemia (CML)?
,a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor
gene, and INK4A, the gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory
protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As the
immature blasts increase, they replace normal
myelocyticcells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize
immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22
creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-ABL1.
- ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: The Philadelphia chromosome is present in
more than 95% of those with CML, and the presence of the
BCR-ABL1 protein is responsible for the initiation of CML.
The other options do not accurately describe CML.
Which description is consistent with chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor
gene, and INK4A, thegene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory
protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow andperipheral blood. As the
immature blasts increase, they replace normal
myelocyticcells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize
immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22
creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-ABL. -
...ANSWER...c
,RATIONALE: CLL is derived from transformation of a
partially mature B cell that has not yet encountered antigen.
The other options do not accurately describe CLL.
Which term is used to describe a red-purple discoloration
caused by diffuse hemorrhage into the skin tissue?
a. Petechiae
b. Hematoma
c. Ecchymosis
d. Purpura - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: Diffuse hemorrhage into skin tissues that is
visible through the skin causes a red-purple discoloration
identified as a purpura. None of the other options are used to
identify this symptom.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a(n) condition in adults
and a(n) condition in children.
a. Acute; acute
b. Chronic; chronic
c. Acute; chronic
d. Chronic; acute - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: ITP may be acute or chronic. The acute
form is frequently observed in children. Chronic ITP is more
commonly observed in adults, with the highest prevalence in
women between 20 and 40 years of age.
Which statement relates to immune thrombocytopenic
purpura (ITP)?
, a. ITP is formed in conditions of low flow and is made up of
mostly red cells withlarger amounts of fibrin and few
platelets.
b. An alteration of multipotent stem cells, resulting in an
excess production ofplatelets, causes ITP.
c. Mononuclear phagocytes in the spleen remove antibody-
coated platelets from circulation.
d. Arterial clots are made up of mostly platelet aggregates
held together by fibrin strands. - ...ANSWER...ANS: C
RATIONALE:ITP involves the antigen usually forming
immune complexes with circulating antibodies, and it is
thought that the immune complexes bind to Fc receptors on
platelets, leading to their destruction in the spleen. None of
the other options are accurately related to ITP.
When the demand for mature neutrophils exceeds the
supply, immature neutrophils are released indicating:
a. A shift to the right
b. A shift to the left
c. Leukocytosis
d. Leukemia - ...ANSWER...ANS: B
RATIONALE: When the demand for circulating mature
neutrophils exceeds the supply, the marrow begins to release
immature neutrophils (and other leukocytes) into the blood.
Premature release of the immature white cells is responsible
for the phenomenon known as a shift to the left or
leukemoid reaction. None of the remaining options would be
used to identify the process described.
NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 260 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic
leukemia (ALL)?
a. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of
greater than 30%lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As the
immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic
cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize
immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22
create an abnormal,fused gene identified as BCR-ABL. -
...ANSWER...a
RATIONALE: ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by
the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone
marrow or blood. None of the other options provide an
accurate description of ALL.
Which description is consistent with chronic myelogenous
leukemia (CML)?
,a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor
gene, and INK4A, the gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory
protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As the
immature blasts increase, they replace normal
myelocyticcells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize
immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22
creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-ABL1.
- ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: The Philadelphia chromosome is present in
more than 95% of those with CML, and the presence of the
BCR-ABL1 protein is responsible for the initiation of CML.
The other options do not accurately describe CML.
Which description is consistent with chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor
gene, and INK4A, thegene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory
protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow andperipheral blood. As the
immature blasts increase, they replace normal
myelocyticcells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize
immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22
creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-ABL. -
...ANSWER...c
,RATIONALE: CLL is derived from transformation of a
partially mature B cell that has not yet encountered antigen.
The other options do not accurately describe CLL.
Which term is used to describe a red-purple discoloration
caused by diffuse hemorrhage into the skin tissue?
a. Petechiae
b. Hematoma
c. Ecchymosis
d. Purpura - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: Diffuse hemorrhage into skin tissues that is
visible through the skin causes a red-purple discoloration
identified as a purpura. None of the other options are used to
identify this symptom.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a(n) condition in adults
and a(n) condition in children.
a. Acute; acute
b. Chronic; chronic
c. Acute; chronic
d. Chronic; acute - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: ITP may be acute or chronic. The acute
form is frequently observed in children. Chronic ITP is more
commonly observed in adults, with the highest prevalence in
women between 20 and 40 years of age.
Which statement relates to immune thrombocytopenic
purpura (ITP)?
, a. ITP is formed in conditions of low flow and is made up of
mostly red cells withlarger amounts of fibrin and few
platelets.
b. An alteration of multipotent stem cells, resulting in an
excess production ofplatelets, causes ITP.
c. Mononuclear phagocytes in the spleen remove antibody-
coated platelets from circulation.
d. Arterial clots are made up of mostly platelet aggregates
held together by fibrin strands. - ...ANSWER...ANS: C
RATIONALE:ITP involves the antigen usually forming
immune complexes with circulating antibodies, and it is
thought that the immune complexes bind to Fc receptors on
platelets, leading to their destruction in the spleen. None of
the other options are accurately related to ITP.
When the demand for mature neutrophils exceeds the
supply, immature neutrophils are released indicating:
a. A shift to the right
b. A shift to the left
c. Leukocytosis
d. Leukemia - ...ANSWER...ANS: B
RATIONALE: When the demand for circulating mature
neutrophils exceeds the supply, the marrow begins to release
immature neutrophils (and other leukocytes) into the blood.
Premature release of the immature white cells is responsible
for the phenomenon known as a shift to the left or
leukemoid reaction. None of the remaining options would be
used to identify the process described.
