UGBA 105
What is a theory and how do theories and models work? - correct answer A theory is a model, map, or
framework that tries to explain how the world works
Models simplify reality to what the observer is most interested in so that you can make observations and
notice patterns
Learning - correct answer relatively permanent change in knowledge of behavior that results from
practice or experience
Operant conditioning: - correct answer learning that takes place when learner recognizes the connection
between a behavior and its consequences
ABCs of changing behavior - correct answer Antecedent: instructions, rules, goals, advice, from other
members of an organization and anything that informs employee about consequences for various
actions
Behaviors: the action that follows the antecedent
Consequences: rewards and punishments in response to the behavior
Law of effect: - correct answer relation between consequence and behavior, works consciously and
unconsciously
positive reinforcement - correct answer positive consequence is given when desired behavior is
performed
negative reinforcement - correct answer negative consequence is removed when desired behavior is
performed
continuous reinforcement - correct answer reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs
, Can result in faster learning than partial but if reinforcement stops then reinforced behaviors stop
occurring more quickly than partially reinforced behaviors
partial reinforcement - correct answer behavior is reinforced intermittently
fixed-interval schedule - correct answer in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that
reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
Variable interval schedule: - correct answer amount of time between reinforcements varies around a
constant average
Fixed-ratio schedule: - correct answer for reinforcement requires a certain number of desired behaviors
before the reinforcement is provided
Variable-ratio schedule: - correct answer number of desired behaviors that must occur before
reinforcement varies around a constant average
positive punishment: - correct answer give something they don't like (keep asking them to clean)
negative punishment: - correct answer take away something they like (example from online: A child
kicks a peer (behavior), and is removed from his/her favorite activity (reinforcing stimulus removed))
unintended consequences of punishment - correct answer Punishment alone doesn't tell people what
to do
Tells them what not to do
Provide employees with a desired behavior in place of the undesired behavior
Usually more ways to do something wrong than doing it right
People are more cognitive than animals
Might learn the wrong thing
If you are punishing sleeping at work
They might learn to hide better when sleeping at work
What is a theory and how do theories and models work? - correct answer A theory is a model, map, or
framework that tries to explain how the world works
Models simplify reality to what the observer is most interested in so that you can make observations and
notice patterns
Learning - correct answer relatively permanent change in knowledge of behavior that results from
practice or experience
Operant conditioning: - correct answer learning that takes place when learner recognizes the connection
between a behavior and its consequences
ABCs of changing behavior - correct answer Antecedent: instructions, rules, goals, advice, from other
members of an organization and anything that informs employee about consequences for various
actions
Behaviors: the action that follows the antecedent
Consequences: rewards and punishments in response to the behavior
Law of effect: - correct answer relation between consequence and behavior, works consciously and
unconsciously
positive reinforcement - correct answer positive consequence is given when desired behavior is
performed
negative reinforcement - correct answer negative consequence is removed when desired behavior is
performed
continuous reinforcement - correct answer reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs
, Can result in faster learning than partial but if reinforcement stops then reinforced behaviors stop
occurring more quickly than partially reinforced behaviors
partial reinforcement - correct answer behavior is reinforced intermittently
fixed-interval schedule - correct answer in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that
reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
Variable interval schedule: - correct answer amount of time between reinforcements varies around a
constant average
Fixed-ratio schedule: - correct answer for reinforcement requires a certain number of desired behaviors
before the reinforcement is provided
Variable-ratio schedule: - correct answer number of desired behaviors that must occur before
reinforcement varies around a constant average
positive punishment: - correct answer give something they don't like (keep asking them to clean)
negative punishment: - correct answer take away something they like (example from online: A child
kicks a peer (behavior), and is removed from his/her favorite activity (reinforcing stimulus removed))
unintended consequences of punishment - correct answer Punishment alone doesn't tell people what
to do
Tells them what not to do
Provide employees with a desired behavior in place of the undesired behavior
Usually more ways to do something wrong than doing it right
People are more cognitive than animals
Might learn the wrong thing
If you are punishing sleeping at work
They might learn to hide better when sleeping at work
