5.1
Consciousness: Consciousness is the awareness of internal and external stimuli, personal
awareness
Includes:
- your awareness of external events
- your awareness of your internal sensations
- your awareness of yourself as the unique being having these experiences
- your awareness of your thoughts about these experiences
STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS (WILLIAM JAMES,1902)
Variations in levels of awareness
James: focused on stream of consciousness
Freud (1900): examine beneath the surface of this stream
- Freud argued that people’s feelings and behavior are influenced by unconscious needs,
wishes, and conflicts that lie below the surface of conscious awareness
- People continue to maintain some awareness during sleep and even when they are put
under anesthesia for surgery.
Consciousness and brain activity
- Consciousness is the result of activity in distributed networks of neural pathways.
- The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a device that monitors the electrical activity of the
brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp.
- Summarize the rhythm of cortical activity in the brain-> brain waves
- Amplitude: height
- Frequency: cycles per second, abbreviated.
- Beta : 13-24 cps - normal waking thought alert problem solving
- Alpha : 8-12 cps - deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation
- Theta : 4-7 cps - light sleep
- Delta : less than 4 - deep sleep
, 5.2
Biological rhythm and sleep
- Biological rhythms are periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning.
THE ROLE OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
Circadian rhythms are the 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species.
- people generally fall asleep as their body temperature begins to drop and they awaken
as it begins to ascend once again (Czeisler & Buxton, 2017)
- day-night cycle resets human biological clocks.
- When exposed to light, some receptors in the retina send direct inputs to a small
structure in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The
SCN sends signals via multiple routes to the pineal gland, whose secretion of the
hormone melatonin plays a key role in adjusting biological clocks
- SCN: works to synchronize multiple downstream circadian clocks
throughout the brain and the body
IGNORING CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
- Causes jet lag ( poor quality sleep)
- Cause fatigue, sluggish, irritable, depressed during day time
- Social jet lag: mismatch between sleep times on work days versus off days
REALIGNING CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
- electromyograph (EMG), which records muscular activity and tension
- electrooculography (EOG), which records eye movements
- electrocardiograph (EKG), which records the contractions of the heart
CYCLING THROUGH THE STAGES OF SLEEP
1. Stages 1-3
a. subjects are considered to have fallen asleep when their predominant EEG
activity shifts from alpha waves to theta waves.
b. Around 25 minutes
i. Stage 1 is a brief transitional stage of light sleep that usually lasts only
10–12 minutes.
stages 2 and 3 of the sleep cycle, your respiration rate, heart rate, muscle
tension, and body temperature continue to decline.
ii. Stage 2 consists of light sleep and typically lasts about 10–25 minutes.
1. brain waves become higher in amplitude and slower in frequency
as you move into stage 3
iii. Slow wave sleep
1. low-frequency delta waves
2. Reach: less than an hour, stay: 20-40
Consciousness: Consciousness is the awareness of internal and external stimuli, personal
awareness
Includes:
- your awareness of external events
- your awareness of your internal sensations
- your awareness of yourself as the unique being having these experiences
- your awareness of your thoughts about these experiences
STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS (WILLIAM JAMES,1902)
Variations in levels of awareness
James: focused on stream of consciousness
Freud (1900): examine beneath the surface of this stream
- Freud argued that people’s feelings and behavior are influenced by unconscious needs,
wishes, and conflicts that lie below the surface of conscious awareness
- People continue to maintain some awareness during sleep and even when they are put
under anesthesia for surgery.
Consciousness and brain activity
- Consciousness is the result of activity in distributed networks of neural pathways.
- The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a device that monitors the electrical activity of the
brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp.
- Summarize the rhythm of cortical activity in the brain-> brain waves
- Amplitude: height
- Frequency: cycles per second, abbreviated.
- Beta : 13-24 cps - normal waking thought alert problem solving
- Alpha : 8-12 cps - deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation
- Theta : 4-7 cps - light sleep
- Delta : less than 4 - deep sleep
, 5.2
Biological rhythm and sleep
- Biological rhythms are periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning.
THE ROLE OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
Circadian rhythms are the 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species.
- people generally fall asleep as their body temperature begins to drop and they awaken
as it begins to ascend once again (Czeisler & Buxton, 2017)
- day-night cycle resets human biological clocks.
- When exposed to light, some receptors in the retina send direct inputs to a small
structure in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The
SCN sends signals via multiple routes to the pineal gland, whose secretion of the
hormone melatonin plays a key role in adjusting biological clocks
- SCN: works to synchronize multiple downstream circadian clocks
throughout the brain and the body
IGNORING CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
- Causes jet lag ( poor quality sleep)
- Cause fatigue, sluggish, irritable, depressed during day time
- Social jet lag: mismatch between sleep times on work days versus off days
REALIGNING CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
- electromyograph (EMG), which records muscular activity and tension
- electrooculography (EOG), which records eye movements
- electrocardiograph (EKG), which records the contractions of the heart
CYCLING THROUGH THE STAGES OF SLEEP
1. Stages 1-3
a. subjects are considered to have fallen asleep when their predominant EEG
activity shifts from alpha waves to theta waves.
b. Around 25 minutes
i. Stage 1 is a brief transitional stage of light sleep that usually lasts only
10–12 minutes.
stages 2 and 3 of the sleep cycle, your respiration rate, heart rate, muscle
tension, and body temperature continue to decline.
ii. Stage 2 consists of light sleep and typically lasts about 10–25 minutes.
1. brain waves become higher in amplitude and slower in frequency
as you move into stage 3
iii. Slow wave sleep
1. low-frequency delta waves
2. Reach: less than an hour, stay: 20-40
