Illinois Seed Treatment Exam
Questions And Answers
(VERIFIED).
seed treatment pesticides include - ANS 1. herbicide antidotes (safeners) 2.
bactericides 3. inscecticides 4. fungicides
not a seed treatment - ANS 1. seed applied growth regulators 2. micronutrients 3.
nitrogen-fixing organisms
advantages of using seed treatment - ANS 1. control of seedborne pathogens 2.
protect vulnerable seeds and seedlings during stressful conditions of germination
and emergence 3. targeted, low dosage 4. relatively inexpensive control option 5.
relatively inexpensive control option 6. reduced environment impact 7. may be only
real control option 8. may be an alternative for spraying some early foliar pests
disadvantages of seed treatment - ANS 1. accidental poisoning of children,
animals, and wildlife 2. potential for contamination of food and feed supply 3.
exposure during application and planting 4. seed or seedling phtyotoxicity 5. limited
duration of protection (also a benefit) 6. what to do with leftover treated seed
factors that favor the use of seed treatments - ANS 1. field is for seed production 2.
low test weight or older seed 3. planting in unfavorable germination conditions such
as wet and/or cold soil(these conditions may allow weak pathogens to infect) 4.
planting into fields with a history of stand establishment problems 5. planting to
precise populations 6. replanting will not be feasible if first planting fails 7. seed is
expensive 8. seed thought to carry certain seedborne pathogens 9. yield potential of
field is high
seed treatment as part of ipm - ANS 1. help minimize negative effects on the
environment 2. avoid pesticide residue in the food supply 3. minimize economic loss
due to pests
4. avoid development of pests that overcame pesticides and host plant resistance
, purpose of seed treatments - ANS A. control of seedborne pathogens *seedborne
pathogens may be found on the seed surface, in cracks and crevices or as infections
inside the intact seed * these pathogens may be important for three reasons: 1.
some seedborne pathogens may not survive in the soil or on plant residues. 2.
seedborne pathogens may get a head start and cause greater damage. 3.
seedborne pathogens may move from one location to another in seed shipments B.
control of soilborne and foliar pests *germinating seeds and young plants are
relatively tender and lack food reserves to recover from injuries
contact pesticides - ANS control only surface pathogens
systemic pesticides - ANS help control seedborne pathogens both on the surface
and internally
alternatives to seed treatment - ANS 1. crop rotation 2. good fertility management
3. heat treatment 4. planting date 5. soil applied or post-emergence sprays 6.
controlling volunteer crop plants
fungi - ANS small organisms that are mostly saprophytic (live on dead plant or
animal material) but a few are pathogenic (live on live plants or animals)
Bacteria - ANS are single-celled organism that reproduce by division
viruses - ANS consist of either dna or rna with a protein coat
common bunt of wheat (external) - ANS *seeds dark and fish smelling (stinking
bunt) *bunted heads stay green longer * persitsts on seed and in soil *infects
coleoptile before evergence
loose smut of wheat (internal) - ANS *fungus lies dormant in the embryo until
germination *infected heads form head early and produce spores instead of seed
*neighboring plants are infected during flowering
pythium and phytophthora (seedling root diseases) - ANS *fungal-like organisms
and are considered water molds (spores swim in water) *they can infect and kill all
season as long as soil is wet *they sause soft rot of seed *phytophtora tolerant and
resistant varieties available: 70 races identified in Illinois -tolerance not effective until
10 to 14 days after emergence
fusarium seedling blight and root rots (seedling root diseases) - ANS *can
infect/damage early or late *symptoms are nondescript, but generally off color to
dark black to completely rotted (sometimes pinkish tinge) *infected seeds can result
in seedling blight
Questions And Answers
(VERIFIED).
seed treatment pesticides include - ANS 1. herbicide antidotes (safeners) 2.
bactericides 3. inscecticides 4. fungicides
not a seed treatment - ANS 1. seed applied growth regulators 2. micronutrients 3.
nitrogen-fixing organisms
advantages of using seed treatment - ANS 1. control of seedborne pathogens 2.
protect vulnerable seeds and seedlings during stressful conditions of germination
and emergence 3. targeted, low dosage 4. relatively inexpensive control option 5.
relatively inexpensive control option 6. reduced environment impact 7. may be only
real control option 8. may be an alternative for spraying some early foliar pests
disadvantages of seed treatment - ANS 1. accidental poisoning of children,
animals, and wildlife 2. potential for contamination of food and feed supply 3.
exposure during application and planting 4. seed or seedling phtyotoxicity 5. limited
duration of protection (also a benefit) 6. what to do with leftover treated seed
factors that favor the use of seed treatments - ANS 1. field is for seed production 2.
low test weight or older seed 3. planting in unfavorable germination conditions such
as wet and/or cold soil(these conditions may allow weak pathogens to infect) 4.
planting into fields with a history of stand establishment problems 5. planting to
precise populations 6. replanting will not be feasible if first planting fails 7. seed is
expensive 8. seed thought to carry certain seedborne pathogens 9. yield potential of
field is high
seed treatment as part of ipm - ANS 1. help minimize negative effects on the
environment 2. avoid pesticide residue in the food supply 3. minimize economic loss
due to pests
4. avoid development of pests that overcame pesticides and host plant resistance
, purpose of seed treatments - ANS A. control of seedborne pathogens *seedborne
pathogens may be found on the seed surface, in cracks and crevices or as infections
inside the intact seed * these pathogens may be important for three reasons: 1.
some seedborne pathogens may not survive in the soil or on plant residues. 2.
seedborne pathogens may get a head start and cause greater damage. 3.
seedborne pathogens may move from one location to another in seed shipments B.
control of soilborne and foliar pests *germinating seeds and young plants are
relatively tender and lack food reserves to recover from injuries
contact pesticides - ANS control only surface pathogens
systemic pesticides - ANS help control seedborne pathogens both on the surface
and internally
alternatives to seed treatment - ANS 1. crop rotation 2. good fertility management
3. heat treatment 4. planting date 5. soil applied or post-emergence sprays 6.
controlling volunteer crop plants
fungi - ANS small organisms that are mostly saprophytic (live on dead plant or
animal material) but a few are pathogenic (live on live plants or animals)
Bacteria - ANS are single-celled organism that reproduce by division
viruses - ANS consist of either dna or rna with a protein coat
common bunt of wheat (external) - ANS *seeds dark and fish smelling (stinking
bunt) *bunted heads stay green longer * persitsts on seed and in soil *infects
coleoptile before evergence
loose smut of wheat (internal) - ANS *fungus lies dormant in the embryo until
germination *infected heads form head early and produce spores instead of seed
*neighboring plants are infected during flowering
pythium and phytophthora (seedling root diseases) - ANS *fungal-like organisms
and are considered water molds (spores swim in water) *they can infect and kill all
season as long as soil is wet *they sause soft rot of seed *phytophtora tolerant and
resistant varieties available: 70 races identified in Illinois -tolerance not effective until
10 to 14 days after emergence
fusarium seedling blight and root rots (seedling root diseases) - ANS *can
infect/damage early or late *symptoms are nondescript, but generally off color to
dark black to completely rotted (sometimes pinkish tinge) *infected seeds can result
in seedling blight
