ASWB Bachelors Questions And
Answers.
Theories of Couples Development -
\couples interactions follow a developmental model
stages
1. romance
2. power struggle
3. stability
4. commitment
5. co-creation
Theories of Couples Development:
Romance -
\-stage one
-begins at introduction, common interests, learning about each other
- focus of this stage is attachment
-romantic bond is foundational and critical to health of relationship
-members in engage in symbiotic or mutualistic relationships
Theories of Couples Development:
power struggle -
\-stage two
-realize that they arent the same person
defining one's self
-loss of romance from self expression
-differentiation
-acknowledge differences, learn to share power and accept partners w/o needing to
change them
Theories of Couples Development:
stability -
\stage three
becoming more independent within the relationship
focus on personal needs
autonomy and individuality
disagreements can occur w/o a party "winning"
power struggles are avoided
ultimate goal is intimacy that doesn't sacrifice separateness
Theories of Couples Development:
commitment -
\stage 4
,marriage is ideal
good outweighs the bad
realization that they want to be together
still need work to effectively function in next/last stage of couple-hood
Theories of Couples Development:
co-creation -
\stage 5
constancy
partners are able to value and respect separateness of the other
respect and mutual growth
work on projects together
creating positive change that benefits other people
Acting out -
\Emotional conflict is dealt with through actions rather than feelings
instead of talking about feeling neglected, acting out to get attention
compensation -
\enables one to make up for real or fancied deficiencies. (little man syndrome)
conversion -
\repressed urge is expressed disguised as a disturbance of body function, usually the
sensory, voluntary nervous system
decompensation -
\deterioration of existing defenses
denial -
\primitive defense; inability to acknowledge true significance of thoughts, feelings,
events
devaluation -
\Defense mechanism frequently used by individuals with borderline personality
organization in which a person attributes exaggerated negative qualities to self or
others. split of primitive idealization
dissociation -
\a process that enables a person to split mental functions in a manner that allows them
to express forbidden or unconscious impulses w/o taking responsibility for the action bc
they dont remember it or bc they are not experienced as their own actions
displacement -
\directing an impulse, wish or feeling toward a person or situation that is not the real
object
(mad at boss, kicks dog)
,idealization -
\overestimation of an admired aspect or attribute of another
identification -
\universal mechanism whereby a person patterns themself after a significant other.
plays a major role in personality development, especially superego
identification with the aggressor -
\mastering anxiety by identifying with a powerful aggressor to counteract feelings of
helplessness and to feel powerful oneself. (abusing others after one has been abused
themself)
Incorporation -
\Primitive mechanism in which psychic representation of a person (or parts of a person)
is/are figuratively ingested
inhibition -
\loss of motivation to engage in activity avoided bc it might stir up conflict over forbidden
impulses
introjection -
\loved or hated external objects are symbolically absorbed within self (depressed,
unconscious unacceptable hatred is turned toward self)
Intellectualization -
\where a person avoids uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts and logic.
Emotional aspects are completely ignored as being irrelevant.
isolation of affect -
\Unacceptable impulse, idea, or act is separated from its original memory source,
thereby removing the original emotional charge associated with it.
projection -
\primitive defense; attributing ones disowned attitudes, wishes, feelings, urges to some
external object or person
projective identification -
\— a form of projection utilized by persons with Borderline Personality Disorder—
unconsciously perceiving others' behavior as a reflection of one's own identity.
rationalization -
\third line of defense, not unconscious. giving believable explanation for irrational
behavior, motivated by unacceptable unconscious wishes or by defenses used to cope
with such wishes
, reaction formation -
\person adopts affects, ideas, attitudes or behaviors that are opposites of those he or
she harbors consciously or unconsciously
regression -
\partial or symbolic return to more infantile patterns, can be in service to ego
Repression -
\key mechanism, expressed clinically by amnesia or symptomatic forgetting serving to
banish unacceptable ideas, fantasies, affects, or impulses from consciousness
splitting -
\defensive mechanism associated with borderline personality disorder in which a person
percieves self and others as all good or all bad. splitting serves to protect the good
objects. a person cant integrate the good and bad in people
sublimation -
\potentially maladaptive feelings or behaviors are diverted into socially acceptable
adaptive channels (angry person channeling that into sports)
Substitution -
\Unattainable or unacceptable goal, emotion, or object is replaced by one more
attainable or acceptable.
symbolization -
\a mental representation that stands for some other thing, class of things, or attribute.
this mechanism underlies dream formation and other symptoms (such as conversion,
obsessions, compulsions) with a link btw latent meaning of symptom and symbol;
usually unconscious
turning against self -
\defense to deflect hostile aggression or other unacceptable impulses from another to
self
undoing -
\a person uses words or actions to symbolically reverse or negate unacceptable
thoughts, feelings, or actions (i.e., a person compulsively washing hands to deal with
obsessive thoughts).
goals of treatment of substance abuse disorder -
\1. abstinence from substances
2. maximizing life functioning
3. preventing or reducing the frequency and severity of relapse
stages of treatment of substance abuse disorders -
\1. stabilization
Answers.
Theories of Couples Development -
\couples interactions follow a developmental model
stages
1. romance
2. power struggle
3. stability
4. commitment
5. co-creation
Theories of Couples Development:
Romance -
\-stage one
-begins at introduction, common interests, learning about each other
- focus of this stage is attachment
-romantic bond is foundational and critical to health of relationship
-members in engage in symbiotic or mutualistic relationships
Theories of Couples Development:
power struggle -
\-stage two
-realize that they arent the same person
defining one's self
-loss of romance from self expression
-differentiation
-acknowledge differences, learn to share power and accept partners w/o needing to
change them
Theories of Couples Development:
stability -
\stage three
becoming more independent within the relationship
focus on personal needs
autonomy and individuality
disagreements can occur w/o a party "winning"
power struggles are avoided
ultimate goal is intimacy that doesn't sacrifice separateness
Theories of Couples Development:
commitment -
\stage 4
,marriage is ideal
good outweighs the bad
realization that they want to be together
still need work to effectively function in next/last stage of couple-hood
Theories of Couples Development:
co-creation -
\stage 5
constancy
partners are able to value and respect separateness of the other
respect and mutual growth
work on projects together
creating positive change that benefits other people
Acting out -
\Emotional conflict is dealt with through actions rather than feelings
instead of talking about feeling neglected, acting out to get attention
compensation -
\enables one to make up for real or fancied deficiencies. (little man syndrome)
conversion -
\repressed urge is expressed disguised as a disturbance of body function, usually the
sensory, voluntary nervous system
decompensation -
\deterioration of existing defenses
denial -
\primitive defense; inability to acknowledge true significance of thoughts, feelings,
events
devaluation -
\Defense mechanism frequently used by individuals with borderline personality
organization in which a person attributes exaggerated negative qualities to self or
others. split of primitive idealization
dissociation -
\a process that enables a person to split mental functions in a manner that allows them
to express forbidden or unconscious impulses w/o taking responsibility for the action bc
they dont remember it or bc they are not experienced as their own actions
displacement -
\directing an impulse, wish or feeling toward a person or situation that is not the real
object
(mad at boss, kicks dog)
,idealization -
\overestimation of an admired aspect or attribute of another
identification -
\universal mechanism whereby a person patterns themself after a significant other.
plays a major role in personality development, especially superego
identification with the aggressor -
\mastering anxiety by identifying with a powerful aggressor to counteract feelings of
helplessness and to feel powerful oneself. (abusing others after one has been abused
themself)
Incorporation -
\Primitive mechanism in which psychic representation of a person (or parts of a person)
is/are figuratively ingested
inhibition -
\loss of motivation to engage in activity avoided bc it might stir up conflict over forbidden
impulses
introjection -
\loved or hated external objects are symbolically absorbed within self (depressed,
unconscious unacceptable hatred is turned toward self)
Intellectualization -
\where a person avoids uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts and logic.
Emotional aspects are completely ignored as being irrelevant.
isolation of affect -
\Unacceptable impulse, idea, or act is separated from its original memory source,
thereby removing the original emotional charge associated with it.
projection -
\primitive defense; attributing ones disowned attitudes, wishes, feelings, urges to some
external object or person
projective identification -
\— a form of projection utilized by persons with Borderline Personality Disorder—
unconsciously perceiving others' behavior as a reflection of one's own identity.
rationalization -
\third line of defense, not unconscious. giving believable explanation for irrational
behavior, motivated by unacceptable unconscious wishes or by defenses used to cope
with such wishes
, reaction formation -
\person adopts affects, ideas, attitudes or behaviors that are opposites of those he or
she harbors consciously or unconsciously
regression -
\partial or symbolic return to more infantile patterns, can be in service to ego
Repression -
\key mechanism, expressed clinically by amnesia or symptomatic forgetting serving to
banish unacceptable ideas, fantasies, affects, or impulses from consciousness
splitting -
\defensive mechanism associated with borderline personality disorder in which a person
percieves self and others as all good or all bad. splitting serves to protect the good
objects. a person cant integrate the good and bad in people
sublimation -
\potentially maladaptive feelings or behaviors are diverted into socially acceptable
adaptive channels (angry person channeling that into sports)
Substitution -
\Unattainable or unacceptable goal, emotion, or object is replaced by one more
attainable or acceptable.
symbolization -
\a mental representation that stands for some other thing, class of things, or attribute.
this mechanism underlies dream formation and other symptoms (such as conversion,
obsessions, compulsions) with a link btw latent meaning of symptom and symbol;
usually unconscious
turning against self -
\defense to deflect hostile aggression or other unacceptable impulses from another to
self
undoing -
\a person uses words or actions to symbolically reverse or negate unacceptable
thoughts, feelings, or actions (i.e., a person compulsively washing hands to deal with
obsessive thoughts).
goals of treatment of substance abuse disorder -
\1. abstinence from substances
2. maximizing life functioning
3. preventing or reducing the frequency and severity of relapse
stages of treatment of substance abuse disorders -
\1. stabilization
