ASWB Human Development, Diversity, &
Behavior In The Environment Questions
And Answers.
Typical and Atypical Physical Growth and Development -
\Human growth, development, and learning become progressively complex over time
and are influenced through a variety of experiences and interactions. Each
developmental stage has distinctive characteristics; however each builds from the
experiences of earlier stages. The domains of development are integrated in within the
child, so when one area is affected, other areas are also affected. Because growth and
development are generally predictable, social workers should know the milestones of
healthy development and signs of te [poteital delay or disability.
Typical and Atypical Cognitive Growth -
\Cognitive development focuses on development in terms of information processing,
conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of brain
development.
-Jean Piaget was a developmental psychologist best known for his theory of cognitive
development.
-Piaget's theory holds that children learn through interaction with the environment and
others.
-A major controversy in cognitive development has been "nature and nurture" (whether
cog dev is mainly determined by a client's innate qualities (nature), or by his or her
personal experiences (nurture).
Piaget's Cognitive Development Stages -
\1. Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
2. Preoperational (2-7 years)
3. Concrete Operations (7-11 years)
4. Formal Operations (11 through maturity)
1. Sensorimotor (0-2 years) -
\-retains image of objects
-develops primitive logic in manipulating objects
-begin intentional actions
-play is imitative
-signals meaning-infant invests meaning in event (babysitter arrives means mother is
leaving)
-symbol meaning (language) begins in last part of stage
2. Preoperational (2-7 years) -
\-progress from concrete to abstract thinking
-can comprehend past, present, and future
-night terrors
-acquires words and symbols
-magical thinking
, -thinking is not generalized
-thinking is concrete, irreviersible, and egocentric
-cannot see another point of view
-thinking is centered on one detail or event
-imaginary friends may emerge during this stage (which is completely normal)
3. Concrete Operations (7-11 years) -
\-beginnings of abstract thought
-plays games with rules
-cause and effect relationship understood
-logical implications are understood
-thinking is independent of experience
-thinking is reversible
-rules of logic are developed
4. Formal Operations (11 through maturity) -
\-higher level of abstraction
-planning for future
-thinks hypothetically
-assumes adult roles and responsibilities
Typical and Atypical Social Growth and Development -
\-on a micro level, social development is learning how to behave and interact well with
others. Social development relies on emotional development or learning how to manage
feelings so they are productive and not counterproductive.
-on a macro level, social development is about a commitment that development
processes need to benefit people, particularly, but not only, the poor. it also recognizes
the way people interact in groups and society.
Typical and Atypical Emotional Growth and Development -
\Social skills and emotional development are reflected in the ability to pay attention,
make transitions from one activity to another, and cooperate with others. play is the true
work of childhood. During play, children are also learning that they are liked and fun to
be around. These experiences give them the self-confidence they need to build loving
and supportive relationships all their lives.
Typical and Atypical Sexual Growth and Development -
\*sexuality in infants and toddlers- children are sexual even before birth. Infants touch
and rub their genitals because it provides pleasure and can experience orgasms from
masturbation. By about age two children know their gender.
*sexuality in children (age 3-7) Preschoolers are curious and often play doctor and show
genitals and imitate adults by kissing and hugging and holding hands. by age 5 or 6
children become more modest and private about dressing and bathing and semi-
understadn marriage
*sexuality in preadolescent youth (8-12) puberty begins b/w the ages of 9 and 12.
Children become more self-conscious and masturbation increases.
*sexuality in adolescent youth (13-19) strong emotional attachments to romantic
partners and find it natural to express their feelings with within sexual relationships.
*adult sexuality- at around 50 women experience menopause and men become less
able to have erections
Spiritual Growth and Development (continuum) -
Behavior In The Environment Questions
And Answers.
Typical and Atypical Physical Growth and Development -
\Human growth, development, and learning become progressively complex over time
and are influenced through a variety of experiences and interactions. Each
developmental stage has distinctive characteristics; however each builds from the
experiences of earlier stages. The domains of development are integrated in within the
child, so when one area is affected, other areas are also affected. Because growth and
development are generally predictable, social workers should know the milestones of
healthy development and signs of te [poteital delay or disability.
Typical and Atypical Cognitive Growth -
\Cognitive development focuses on development in terms of information processing,
conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of brain
development.
-Jean Piaget was a developmental psychologist best known for his theory of cognitive
development.
-Piaget's theory holds that children learn through interaction with the environment and
others.
-A major controversy in cognitive development has been "nature and nurture" (whether
cog dev is mainly determined by a client's innate qualities (nature), or by his or her
personal experiences (nurture).
Piaget's Cognitive Development Stages -
\1. Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
2. Preoperational (2-7 years)
3. Concrete Operations (7-11 years)
4. Formal Operations (11 through maturity)
1. Sensorimotor (0-2 years) -
\-retains image of objects
-develops primitive logic in manipulating objects
-begin intentional actions
-play is imitative
-signals meaning-infant invests meaning in event (babysitter arrives means mother is
leaving)
-symbol meaning (language) begins in last part of stage
2. Preoperational (2-7 years) -
\-progress from concrete to abstract thinking
-can comprehend past, present, and future
-night terrors
-acquires words and symbols
-magical thinking
, -thinking is not generalized
-thinking is concrete, irreviersible, and egocentric
-cannot see another point of view
-thinking is centered on one detail or event
-imaginary friends may emerge during this stage (which is completely normal)
3. Concrete Operations (7-11 years) -
\-beginnings of abstract thought
-plays games with rules
-cause and effect relationship understood
-logical implications are understood
-thinking is independent of experience
-thinking is reversible
-rules of logic are developed
4. Formal Operations (11 through maturity) -
\-higher level of abstraction
-planning for future
-thinks hypothetically
-assumes adult roles and responsibilities
Typical and Atypical Social Growth and Development -
\-on a micro level, social development is learning how to behave and interact well with
others. Social development relies on emotional development or learning how to manage
feelings so they are productive and not counterproductive.
-on a macro level, social development is about a commitment that development
processes need to benefit people, particularly, but not only, the poor. it also recognizes
the way people interact in groups and society.
Typical and Atypical Emotional Growth and Development -
\Social skills and emotional development are reflected in the ability to pay attention,
make transitions from one activity to another, and cooperate with others. play is the true
work of childhood. During play, children are also learning that they are liked and fun to
be around. These experiences give them the self-confidence they need to build loving
and supportive relationships all their lives.
Typical and Atypical Sexual Growth and Development -
\*sexuality in infants and toddlers- children are sexual even before birth. Infants touch
and rub their genitals because it provides pleasure and can experience orgasms from
masturbation. By about age two children know their gender.
*sexuality in children (age 3-7) Preschoolers are curious and often play doctor and show
genitals and imitate adults by kissing and hugging and holding hands. by age 5 or 6
children become more modest and private about dressing and bathing and semi-
understadn marriage
*sexuality in preadolescent youth (8-12) puberty begins b/w the ages of 9 and 12.
Children become more self-conscious and masturbation increases.
*sexuality in adolescent youth (13-19) strong emotional attachments to romantic
partners and find it natural to express their feelings with within sexual relationships.
*adult sexuality- at around 50 women experience menopause and men become less
able to have erections
Spiritual Growth and Development (continuum) -
