ASWB LCSW Questions And Answers.
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages -
\1. Trust vs Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
3. Initiative vs Guilt
4. Industry vs Inferiority
5. Identity vs Identity Diffusion
6. Intimacy vs Isolation
7. Generativity vs Self-Absorption
8. Integrity vs Despair
Jean Piget's stages of cognitive development -
\1. Sensorimotor (0-2)
2. Preoperational (2-7)
3. Concrete operational (7-11)
4. Formal operations (11+)
Piaget's stages of cognitive development -
\1. sensorimotor (0-2)
2. preoperational (2-7)
3. concrete operational (7-11)
4. formal operational (11-18)
Kohlberg's stages of moral development -
\Preconventional (0-9)
Conventional (adolescence)
Postconventional (adulthood)
Behaviorism classes of behavior -
\Respondent - involuntary behavior
Operant - voluntary behavior
Pavlov -
\Classical conditioning: Learning occurs by pairing neutral stimulus w/ unconditioned
stimulus so that the conditioned stimulus elicits the response normally elicited by the
unconditioned stimulus.
Example - dogs
Bell (conditioned stimulus), elicited salivating (unconditioned stimulus)
Skinner's Operant Conditioning -
\Reinforcement increases the behavior.
Punishment decreases the behavior.
, aversion therapy -
\Pairing a problematic stimuli with an aversive stimuli to decrease aversive behavior.
Ex. decreasing alcohol use (problematic behav.) with antabuse (aversive stimuli).
Extinction -
\the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an
unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in
operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.
Flooding -
\a treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a
feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless
In vivo desensitization -
\Brief and graduated exposure to an actual fear situation or event.
systematic desensitization -
\A type of exposure therapy that uses rewards to associates a pleasant relaxed state
with anxiety-triggering stimuli.
Ethnicity -
\Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a
product of common heredity and cultural traditions. Group may share race, language, or
place of origin.
race -
\Related to a particular social, historical, or geographic context. Primarily refers to skin
color.
Types of parenting -
\Authoritarian - strict rules & punishments
Authoritative - have rules, but allow questioning. Nurturing & forgiving.
Permissive - few rules or demands.
Uninvolved - little communications, detached. worse outcomes
Kubler-Ross stages of grief -
\denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Risk factors for abuse -
\Static factors: prior abuse, violence, demographics
Dynamic factors: low self-esteem, financial problems, poor skills, family issues
Crisis -
\an acute disruption of psychological homeostasis in which a client's usual coping
mechanisms fail and there is evidence of distress and impairment.
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages -
\1. Trust vs Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
3. Initiative vs Guilt
4. Industry vs Inferiority
5. Identity vs Identity Diffusion
6. Intimacy vs Isolation
7. Generativity vs Self-Absorption
8. Integrity vs Despair
Jean Piget's stages of cognitive development -
\1. Sensorimotor (0-2)
2. Preoperational (2-7)
3. Concrete operational (7-11)
4. Formal operations (11+)
Piaget's stages of cognitive development -
\1. sensorimotor (0-2)
2. preoperational (2-7)
3. concrete operational (7-11)
4. formal operational (11-18)
Kohlberg's stages of moral development -
\Preconventional (0-9)
Conventional (adolescence)
Postconventional (adulthood)
Behaviorism classes of behavior -
\Respondent - involuntary behavior
Operant - voluntary behavior
Pavlov -
\Classical conditioning: Learning occurs by pairing neutral stimulus w/ unconditioned
stimulus so that the conditioned stimulus elicits the response normally elicited by the
unconditioned stimulus.
Example - dogs
Bell (conditioned stimulus), elicited salivating (unconditioned stimulus)
Skinner's Operant Conditioning -
\Reinforcement increases the behavior.
Punishment decreases the behavior.
, aversion therapy -
\Pairing a problematic stimuli with an aversive stimuli to decrease aversive behavior.
Ex. decreasing alcohol use (problematic behav.) with antabuse (aversive stimuli).
Extinction -
\the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an
unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in
operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.
Flooding -
\a treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a
feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless
In vivo desensitization -
\Brief and graduated exposure to an actual fear situation or event.
systematic desensitization -
\A type of exposure therapy that uses rewards to associates a pleasant relaxed state
with anxiety-triggering stimuli.
Ethnicity -
\Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a
product of common heredity and cultural traditions. Group may share race, language, or
place of origin.
race -
\Related to a particular social, historical, or geographic context. Primarily refers to skin
color.
Types of parenting -
\Authoritarian - strict rules & punishments
Authoritative - have rules, but allow questioning. Nurturing & forgiving.
Permissive - few rules or demands.
Uninvolved - little communications, detached. worse outcomes
Kubler-Ross stages of grief -
\denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Risk factors for abuse -
\Static factors: prior abuse, violence, demographics
Dynamic factors: low self-esteem, financial problems, poor skills, family issues
Crisis -
\an acute disruption of psychological homeostasis in which a client's usual coping
mechanisms fail and there is evidence of distress and impairment.
