Nurs 6531 Final Exam Review
Questions with Complete
Solutions
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - Answer - Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone),
hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine
osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - Answer - Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - Answer - diluted with low osmolality and
hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - Answer - Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes
out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or
biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - Answer - Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and
Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - Answer - hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - Answer - Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be
exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - Answer - hypertension, truncal obesity,
osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
, What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical
insufficiency? - Answer - Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical
insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - Answer - A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the
upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign? - Answer - A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial
nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign? - Answer - An upward response (extension) of the hallux when
the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord
disease in adults.
What is Romberg's sign? - Answer - Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed.
Usually indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign? - Answer - pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with
DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - Answer - Urinalysis:
Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - Answer - Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular
basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - Answer - Hospitalization, pulse dose of
steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - Answer - Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral
show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - Answer - Proteus
mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - Answer - Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - Answer - Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - Answer - "Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
Questions with Complete
Solutions
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - Answer - Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone),
hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine
osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - Answer - Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - Answer - diluted with low osmolality and
hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - Answer - Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes
out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or
biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - Answer - Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and
Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - Answer - hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - Answer - Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be
exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - Answer - hypertension, truncal obesity,
osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
, What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical
insufficiency? - Answer - Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical
insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - Answer - A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the
upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign? - Answer - A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial
nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign? - Answer - An upward response (extension) of the hallux when
the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord
disease in adults.
What is Romberg's sign? - Answer - Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed.
Usually indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign? - Answer - pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with
DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - Answer - Urinalysis:
Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - Answer - Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular
basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - Answer - Hospitalization, pulse dose of
steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - Answer - Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral
show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - Answer - Proteus
mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - Answer - Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - Answer - Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - Answer - "Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
