PACKRAT Family Med Questions and Answers 2024 A+ Graded.

PACKRAT Family Med Questions and Answers 2024 A+ Graded. 1. A 52 year-old female comes to the office because of black stools for the past 3 days. She is afebrile and she has no pertinent physical examination abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic study? A. Stool for occult blood B. Stool cultures C. Sigmoidoscopy D. Abdominal CT scan: answer- (c) A. Occult bleeding, as evidenced by the patient's history of black stools, is initially verified by a positive fecal occult blood test. 2. Which of the following is considered a risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma? A. male gender B. inability to tan C. Japanese ethnicity D. brown-haired individuals: answer- c) B. Inability to tan and propensity to burn are risk factors for developing malignant melanoma. 3. A 43 year-old data entry clerk presents with a one-month history of pain and tingling in the right thumb, index finger, and middle finger. Tinel's sign and Phalen's maneuver are positive. The most appropriate intervention at this time is A. methylprednisolone (Medrol) dose pack. B. splint in neutral position. C. observation. D. surgery: answer- (c) B. Splinting in neutral position relieves impingement of the median nerve, thus improving symptoms of carpal tunnel. 4. 7. Which of the following is a cause of prerenal azotemia? 2 / 83 A. Infection B. Renal toxins C. Poor renal perfusion D. Urinary tract obstruction: answer- (c) C. Renal hypoperfusion is the cause of prerenal azotemia, which may be rapidly reversible when renal blood flow and glomerular ultrafiltration pressure are restored. 5. Which of the following is the most common cause of secondary hypertension? A. Renal parenchymal disease B. Primary aldosteronism C. Oral contraceptive use D. Cushing's syndrome: answer- (c) A. Renal parenchymal disease is the most com- mon cause of secondary hypertension. (u) B. Primary aldosteronism can cause secondary hypertension, but it is not the most common cause. 6. Progesterone influence on the breast tissue prior to menstruation causes A. proliferation of the mammary ducts. B. growth of the lobules and alveoli. C. proliferation of Cooper's ligaments. D. increase in the number of glands of Montgomery: answer- (u) A. Proliferation of the mammary ducts is under the influence of estrogen. (c) B. Growth of the lobules and alveoli is under the influence of progesterone. Prior to menses, the breast swelling that women notice is a result 3 / 83 of the progesterone which is secreted from the corpus luteum. During menses, the swelling subsides 7. A patient presents with chronic back pain. On physical examination testing, the patient is found to have abnormalities of proprioception and vibration discrimination. Which of the following portions of the spinal column are most likely affected? A. Lateral spinothalamic tract B. Ventral spinothalamic tract C. Posterior column D. Transection of the cord: (u) A. The lateral spinothalamic tract affects pain and temperature sensation. (u) B. The ventral spinothalamic tract affects pressures and touch sensations. (c) C. The posterior column affects proprioception (position sense) and vibration sense. 8. A 65 year-old patient with steroid-dependent chronic obstructive lung disease presents with a headache that has been increasing in severity over the past week, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. He denies fever, but has had photophobia and a stiff neck. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Transient ischemic attack B. Bacterial meningitis C. Migraine headache D. Cryptococcosis: (a) B. Bacterial meningitis is typically acute in onset and causes fever, but immunocompromised patients may have a slower onset and no fever. 9. A 23 year-old female with history of asthma for the past 5 years presents with complaints of increasing shortness of breath for 2 days. Her asthma has been well-controlled until 2 days ago. Since yesterday, she has been 4 / 83 using her albuterol inhaler every 4 to 6 hours. She is normally very active, however yesterday she did not complete her 30 minute exercise routine due to increasing dyspnea. She denies any cough, fever, recent surgeries, or use of oral contraceptives. On examination, you note the presence of prolonged expiration and diffuse wheezing. The remainder of the exam is unremarkable. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic evaluation prior to initiation of treatment? A. Chest x-ray B. Sputum gram stain C. Peak flow D. Ventilation-perfusion scan: (c) C. A peak flow reading will help you to gauge her current extent of airflow obstruction and is helpful in monitoring the effectiveness of any treatment interventions. 10. Which of the following medication classes is the treatment of choice in a patient with variant or Prinzmetal's angina? 5 / 83 A. Calcium channel blockers B. ACE inhibitors C. Beta blockers D. AngiotensinII receptor blockers: (c) A. Calcium channel blockers are effective prophylactically to treat coronary vasospasm associated with variant or Prinzmetal's angina.