Biology 250 Exam 3 || Already Graded A+.

Is energy required to move oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes? correct answers No, it is done via passive diffusion from high partial pressure to low partial pressure. How do internal and external respiration differ? correct answers Internal: gas exchange between the blood and the tissues External: gas exchange between the environment and the blood What processes constitute respiration? correct answers Delivery of oxygen to tissues and removal of waste products; can be external (environment and blood) or internal (blood and tissues) What processes constitute ventilation? correct answers Breathing; the active process of moving respiratory medium (water or air) across an exchange surface (inspiration and expiration) What is perfusion? correct answers The pumping of blood through an organ via capillaries. What surfaces can act as respiratory membranes in vertebrates? correct answers Skin, lungs, external gills, and internal gills Which ventilatory mechanisms can be used by taxa with unidirectional flow of the respiratory medium? correct answers Ram ventilation and dual pump Which ventilatory mechanisms can be used by taxa with bidirectional flow of the respiratory medium? correct answers Buccal pump and aspiration pump How is respiration achieved in amniotes with hard shells? correct answers The chorioallantois acts as a respiratory organ; small pores in the shell allow oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to leave. During embryologic development, what structure gives rise to internal gills? correct answers Pharyngeal pouches Describe the structure of the gills in sharks. correct answers Sharks have 5 pairs of gill pouches. The gill chambers have internal and external slits; each gill consists of primary gill lamellae composed of individual secondary lamellae; have gill rakers to protect from damage. 1 hemibranch, 4 holobranch; separated by interbranchial septum (whole respiratory unit with facing plates of lamellae on adjacent gills) Describe the process by which sharks ventilate their gills. correct answers Inspiration: water gets sucked into the mouth from the spiracle when branchiomeric muscles contract external gill slits and expand pharyngeal chamber, creating a vacuum that sucks water in; stops when pharynx is filled with water.