WGU D023 SCHOOL FINANCIAL LEADERSHIP 2024
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY QUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ LATEST UPDATE
What is meant by pupil expenditure? - (correct answer) The pupil expenditure is the
total expense accounted for by that specific student. For example, this funding amount
includes but is not limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human
resource expenses), transportation costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses
(building construction, maintenance, utilities, insurance), and instructional resources
(books, supplies, technology, materials).
1st Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) The period of local
district financial responsibility, with little or no assistance from the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) The period of
emerging state responsibility, with the use of flat grants, subventions, and other none
none qualizing state allocations to local districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) The emergence of the
Strayer-Haig concept of a foundation program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the richest
district of the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The rich district would
receive no state funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to
provide the foundation program.
4th Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) The period of
refinement of the foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
5th Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) "Power" or "open-end"
(shared costs) equalization practices
-20th century
Equalization - (correct answer) state and local districts began exercising a degree of
partnership in establishing and paying for a basic program of education for every
school-age child in the state—at least in theory. In practice, the link between funding
and program quality was questionable.
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan - (correct answer) the percentage of
this program to be paid by each individual district and by the state. This percentage of
,state funds would be high for poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that
determination has been made for each district, the same partnership ratio would be
maintained to pay the total cost of the school program in each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) The shift of emphasis
and influence, and funding for special need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating prices
in energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) A focus on adequacy
in education finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements, and must
be constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
Foundational funding - (correct answer) The state provides a minimal level of
funding as a guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to
counteract the disparity of wealth across various districts of a state.
Common School Era - (correct answer) Local school districts were formed to
support the education of the local population, many of whom were the children of
immigrants. In order to accommodate this influx of educational need with limited
personal resources, local property taxes became mandated to support public schools.
Early Colonial Schooling - (correct answer) Funded through tuition or rate changes,
primarily as a funding of the local community or church of that community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document? - (correct
answer) State Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's
constitution. Access to education and the quality are different depending upon how the
state defines its language. For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal"
to educate all citizens. A "right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while
a "goal" may provide more flexibility in disparity.
The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of living changes for the
location, but in many states the "foundational per pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed
amount per pupil. In instances where the local funding is insufficient, it is supplemented
by the state.
Financial disparity - (correct answer)
Financial adequacy - (correct answer)
, Financial productivity - (correct answer)
Federal Funding - (correct answer) Federal aid continues to be provided in the form
of categorical aid. Yet, it may be time for a larger federal role in financing schools. The
largest and most visible categorical federal assistance programs are ESEA and IDEA.
Also, Raced to the Top has garnered federal aid as a key initiative in the Obama
administration. Federal lands have provided funds for localities in the form of payments
in lieu of taxes.
State Funding - (correct answer) Equalization aid is the chief method states use to
distribute funding to local school districts within their borders using a foundation
program or district power equalization
Local Funding - (correct answer) property taxes
ESEA/ESSA through funding - (correct answer) Title 1, Part A, of the ESEA,
reauthorized in 2001, (often called the No Child Left Behind Act) authorizes federal aid
to disadvantaged and low-income children for supplementary education and related
services.
Title I Funding - (correct answer) authorized federal aid to local school districts for
the education of disadvantaged and low-income children for supplementary education
and related services.
-four separate formulas that distribute funds to states and local school districts: Basic,
Concentration, Targeted, and Education Finance Incentive Grant (EFIG)
-held accountable (Highly qualified teachers, CCSS, performance/assessment
standards)
Obama-student gain scores
Title II Funding - (correct answer) teacher and principal training and recruiting fund
Title III Funding - (correct answer) helps eligible IHEs to become self-sufficient and
expand their capacity to serve low-income students by providing funds to improve and
strengthen the academic quality, institutional management, and fiscal stability of eligible
institutions.
Title IV Funding - (correct answer) safe and drug free school
IDEA - (correct answer) -It serves as both a civil rights statue and a grant formula
that funds a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) for children with disabilities
who comprise 12.18 percent of the total public school enrollment.
-FAPE- for kids 3-21
Education
-must be based on an individualized education plan (IEP) delivered in the least
restrictive environment.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY QUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ LATEST UPDATE
What is meant by pupil expenditure? - (correct answer) The pupil expenditure is the
total expense accounted for by that specific student. For example, this funding amount
includes but is not limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human
resource expenses), transportation costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses
(building construction, maintenance, utilities, insurance), and instructional resources
(books, supplies, technology, materials).
1st Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) The period of local
district financial responsibility, with little or no assistance from the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) The period of
emerging state responsibility, with the use of flat grants, subventions, and other none
none qualizing state allocations to local districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) The emergence of the
Strayer-Haig concept of a foundation program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the richest
district of the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The rich district would
receive no state funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to
provide the foundation program.
4th Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) The period of
refinement of the foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
5th Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) "Power" or "open-end"
(shared costs) equalization practices
-20th century
Equalization - (correct answer) state and local districts began exercising a degree of
partnership in establishing and paying for a basic program of education for every
school-age child in the state—at least in theory. In practice, the link between funding
and program quality was questionable.
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan - (correct answer) the percentage of
this program to be paid by each individual district and by the state. This percentage of
,state funds would be high for poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that
determination has been made for each district, the same partnership ratio would be
maintained to pay the total cost of the school program in each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) The shift of emphasis
and influence, and funding for special need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating prices
in energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance - (correct answer) A focus on adequacy
in education finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements, and must
be constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
Foundational funding - (correct answer) The state provides a minimal level of
funding as a guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to
counteract the disparity of wealth across various districts of a state.
Common School Era - (correct answer) Local school districts were formed to
support the education of the local population, many of whom were the children of
immigrants. In order to accommodate this influx of educational need with limited
personal resources, local property taxes became mandated to support public schools.
Early Colonial Schooling - (correct answer) Funded through tuition or rate changes,
primarily as a funding of the local community or church of that community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document? - (correct
answer) State Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's
constitution. Access to education and the quality are different depending upon how the
state defines its language. For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal"
to educate all citizens. A "right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while
a "goal" may provide more flexibility in disparity.
The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of living changes for the
location, but in many states the "foundational per pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed
amount per pupil. In instances where the local funding is insufficient, it is supplemented
by the state.
Financial disparity - (correct answer)
Financial adequacy - (correct answer)
, Financial productivity - (correct answer)
Federal Funding - (correct answer) Federal aid continues to be provided in the form
of categorical aid. Yet, it may be time for a larger federal role in financing schools. The
largest and most visible categorical federal assistance programs are ESEA and IDEA.
Also, Raced to the Top has garnered federal aid as a key initiative in the Obama
administration. Federal lands have provided funds for localities in the form of payments
in lieu of taxes.
State Funding - (correct answer) Equalization aid is the chief method states use to
distribute funding to local school districts within their borders using a foundation
program or district power equalization
Local Funding - (correct answer) property taxes
ESEA/ESSA through funding - (correct answer) Title 1, Part A, of the ESEA,
reauthorized in 2001, (often called the No Child Left Behind Act) authorizes federal aid
to disadvantaged and low-income children for supplementary education and related
services.
Title I Funding - (correct answer) authorized federal aid to local school districts for
the education of disadvantaged and low-income children for supplementary education
and related services.
-four separate formulas that distribute funds to states and local school districts: Basic,
Concentration, Targeted, and Education Finance Incentive Grant (EFIG)
-held accountable (Highly qualified teachers, CCSS, performance/assessment
standards)
Obama-student gain scores
Title II Funding - (correct answer) teacher and principal training and recruiting fund
Title III Funding - (correct answer) helps eligible IHEs to become self-sufficient and
expand their capacity to serve low-income students by providing funds to improve and
strengthen the academic quality, institutional management, and fiscal stability of eligible
institutions.
Title IV Funding - (correct answer) safe and drug free school
IDEA - (correct answer) -It serves as both a civil rights statue and a grant formula
that funds a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) for children with disabilities
who comprise 12.18 percent of the total public school enrollment.
-FAPE- for kids 3-21
Education
-must be based on an individualized education plan (IEP) delivered in the least
restrictive environment.
