ASWB LMSW Exam (Full) Questions And
Answers.
Erik Erikson -
\known for his 8-stage theory of psychosocial development focusing on resolving
successive identity crises
Basic Trust Vs Mistrust (Erikson) -
\infants learn trust and develop a sense of safety through the consistency of the
caregiver meeting their needs (birth to one year)
Autonomy Vs Shame & Doubt (Erikson) -
\toddlers learn to do things for themselves through encouragement and support (1-3
years)
Initiative Vs Guilt (Erikson) -
\preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans or they feel guilty about their
efforts at independence (3-6 years)
Industry Vs Inferiority (Erikson) -
\school-age children learn the pleasure of applying oneself to a task, or they feel inferior
(6-12 years)
Identity Vs Role Confusion (Erikson) -
\teenagers develop a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a
single identity, or they become confused about who they are (12-20 years)
Intimacy Vs Isolation (Erikson) -
\young adults work on forming and maintaining intimate relationships or they feel
socially isolated (20-25 years)
Generativity Vs Stagnation (Erikson) -
\middle-aged adults discover a sense of contributing through family or work, or they may
feel a lack of purpose (25-65 years)
Ego Integrity Vs Despair (Erikson) -
\older adults reflect on satisfaction with their lives or feel a sense of failure (65 years to
death)
Social Development - Micro -
\learning how to behave and interact well with others; learning how to manage feelings
in a way that is productive rather than counterproductive
,Social Development - Macro -
\learning how people interact in groups and society (family, community), especially in
regards to social norms, institutional change, and inclusion
Emotional Development -
\learning self-awareness, self-regulation, social skills, cooperation, attention,
transitioning from one activity to another, self-confidence, forming and maintaining
relationships
Six Levels of Cognition -
\knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation (KCAASE)
Knowledge -
\rote memorization, recognition, recall of facts (1st level of cognition)
Comprehension -
\understanding what facts mean (2nd level of cognition)
Application -
\correct use of facts, rules, or ideas (3rd level of cognition)
Analysis -
\breaking information down into its component parts (4th level of cognition)
Synthesis -
\combination of facts, ideas, or information to make a new whole (5th level of cognition)
Evaluation -
\judging or forming an opinion about the information or situation (6th level of cognition)
Jean Piaget -
\known for his 4-stage theory of cognitive development in children
Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget) -
\infants and young toddlers explore using the senses and learn object permanence
(birth to 2 years)
Preoperational Stage (Piaget) -
\young children engage in symbolic thinking (pretend play and imaginary friends) and
concrete, egocentric thinking (2-7 years)
Concrete Operations Stage (Piaget) -
\school-age children engage in logical thinking, understanding rules and cause-effect
relationships (7-11 years)
Formal Operations Stage (Piaget) -
,\by puberty, people are able to engage in abstract hypothetical thinking, plan for the
future, and test hypotheses (11 years through adulthood)
Lawrence Kohlberg -
\known for his theory of stages of moral development
Preconventional Morality (Kohlberg) -
\obeys authority out of fear of punishment; acts in own best interests; conforms to
receive rewards (childhood)
Conventional Morality (Kohlberg) -
\acts to gain approval from others; obeys laws and fulfills obligations to maintain social
system; avoids censure and guilt (adolescents & most adults)
Postconventional Morality (Kohlberg) -
\genuine interest in others' welfare; concerned with individual rights and being morally
right; guided by principles and concerns based on broad, universal ethics and morality
(some adults)
Learning Theory - Behaviorism -
\learning is viewed through change in behavior and the stimuli in the external
environment are the locus of learning; change the external environment and change
behavior
Learning Theory - Cognitive Theory -
\learning is viewed through internal mental processes (insight, information processing,
memory, perception) and the locus of learning is internal cognitive structures; develop
opportunities to foster capacity and skills to improve learning
Learning Theory - Humanism -
\learning is viewed as a person's activities aimed at reaching his or her full potential,
and the locus of learning is in meeting cognitive and other needs; develop the whole
person
Learning Theory - Social Theory -
\learning is obtained between people and their environment--their interactions and
observations in social contexts; establish opportunities for conversation and
participation
Respondent Behavior (Behaviorism) -
\involuntary behavior (anxiety, sexual response) that is automatically elicited by certain
behavior. A stimulus elicits a response.
Operant Behavior (Behaviorism) -
\voluntary behavior (walking, talking) that is controlled by its consequences in the
environment
, Classical Conditioning -
\learning to associate an involuntary response and a stimulus (Pavlov's dogs develop
the expectation that they will be fed when a bell rings)
Operant Conditioning -
\learning to associate a voluntary response with a consequence (Skinner's rats develop
the expectation that they will get food by pressing a lever)
Best known applications of behavior modification -
\sexual dysfunction, phobic disorders, compulsive behaviors (overeating, smoking), and
training for people with intellectual disabilities or Autism Spectrum Disorder
Behavioral theories suggest that personality is a result of... -
\interaction between the individual and the environment
Behavioral theories focus on... -
\observable and measurable behaviors rather than internal thoughts and feelings
advantages of client self-monitoring (Behaviorism) -
\inexpensive, practical, therapeutic
disadvantages of client self-monitoring (Behaviorism) -
\clients collecting inadequate/inaccurate information or resisting to collect any at all
Positive Reinforcement (Operant Technique) -
\increases probability that behavior will occur: praise, giving tokens, or otherwise
rewarding positive behavior
Negative Reinforcement (Operant Technique) -
\behavior increases because a negative/aversive stimulus is removed (i.e., remove
shock)
Positive Punishment (Operant Technique) -
\presentation of undesirable stimulus following a behavior for the purpose of decreasing
or eliminating that behavior (i.e., spanking)
Negative Punishment (Operant Technique) -
\removal of a desirable stimulus following a behavior for the purpose of decreasing or
eliminating that behavior (i.e., time out)
Aversion Therapy -
\behavioral treatment aimed at reducing the attractiveness of a stimulus or behavior by
pairing it with an aversive stimulus (i.e., treating alcoholism with Antabuse)
Biofeedback -
Answers.
Erik Erikson -
\known for his 8-stage theory of psychosocial development focusing on resolving
successive identity crises
Basic Trust Vs Mistrust (Erikson) -
\infants learn trust and develop a sense of safety through the consistency of the
caregiver meeting their needs (birth to one year)
Autonomy Vs Shame & Doubt (Erikson) -
\toddlers learn to do things for themselves through encouragement and support (1-3
years)
Initiative Vs Guilt (Erikson) -
\preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans or they feel guilty about their
efforts at independence (3-6 years)
Industry Vs Inferiority (Erikson) -
\school-age children learn the pleasure of applying oneself to a task, or they feel inferior
(6-12 years)
Identity Vs Role Confusion (Erikson) -
\teenagers develop a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a
single identity, or they become confused about who they are (12-20 years)
Intimacy Vs Isolation (Erikson) -
\young adults work on forming and maintaining intimate relationships or they feel
socially isolated (20-25 years)
Generativity Vs Stagnation (Erikson) -
\middle-aged adults discover a sense of contributing through family or work, or they may
feel a lack of purpose (25-65 years)
Ego Integrity Vs Despair (Erikson) -
\older adults reflect on satisfaction with their lives or feel a sense of failure (65 years to
death)
Social Development - Micro -
\learning how to behave and interact well with others; learning how to manage feelings
in a way that is productive rather than counterproductive
,Social Development - Macro -
\learning how people interact in groups and society (family, community), especially in
regards to social norms, institutional change, and inclusion
Emotional Development -
\learning self-awareness, self-regulation, social skills, cooperation, attention,
transitioning from one activity to another, self-confidence, forming and maintaining
relationships
Six Levels of Cognition -
\knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation (KCAASE)
Knowledge -
\rote memorization, recognition, recall of facts (1st level of cognition)
Comprehension -
\understanding what facts mean (2nd level of cognition)
Application -
\correct use of facts, rules, or ideas (3rd level of cognition)
Analysis -
\breaking information down into its component parts (4th level of cognition)
Synthesis -
\combination of facts, ideas, or information to make a new whole (5th level of cognition)
Evaluation -
\judging or forming an opinion about the information or situation (6th level of cognition)
Jean Piaget -
\known for his 4-stage theory of cognitive development in children
Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget) -
\infants and young toddlers explore using the senses and learn object permanence
(birth to 2 years)
Preoperational Stage (Piaget) -
\young children engage in symbolic thinking (pretend play and imaginary friends) and
concrete, egocentric thinking (2-7 years)
Concrete Operations Stage (Piaget) -
\school-age children engage in logical thinking, understanding rules and cause-effect
relationships (7-11 years)
Formal Operations Stage (Piaget) -
,\by puberty, people are able to engage in abstract hypothetical thinking, plan for the
future, and test hypotheses (11 years through adulthood)
Lawrence Kohlberg -
\known for his theory of stages of moral development
Preconventional Morality (Kohlberg) -
\obeys authority out of fear of punishment; acts in own best interests; conforms to
receive rewards (childhood)
Conventional Morality (Kohlberg) -
\acts to gain approval from others; obeys laws and fulfills obligations to maintain social
system; avoids censure and guilt (adolescents & most adults)
Postconventional Morality (Kohlberg) -
\genuine interest in others' welfare; concerned with individual rights and being morally
right; guided by principles and concerns based on broad, universal ethics and morality
(some adults)
Learning Theory - Behaviorism -
\learning is viewed through change in behavior and the stimuli in the external
environment are the locus of learning; change the external environment and change
behavior
Learning Theory - Cognitive Theory -
\learning is viewed through internal mental processes (insight, information processing,
memory, perception) and the locus of learning is internal cognitive structures; develop
opportunities to foster capacity and skills to improve learning
Learning Theory - Humanism -
\learning is viewed as a person's activities aimed at reaching his or her full potential,
and the locus of learning is in meeting cognitive and other needs; develop the whole
person
Learning Theory - Social Theory -
\learning is obtained between people and their environment--their interactions and
observations in social contexts; establish opportunities for conversation and
participation
Respondent Behavior (Behaviorism) -
\involuntary behavior (anxiety, sexual response) that is automatically elicited by certain
behavior. A stimulus elicits a response.
Operant Behavior (Behaviorism) -
\voluntary behavior (walking, talking) that is controlled by its consequences in the
environment
, Classical Conditioning -
\learning to associate an involuntary response and a stimulus (Pavlov's dogs develop
the expectation that they will be fed when a bell rings)
Operant Conditioning -
\learning to associate a voluntary response with a consequence (Skinner's rats develop
the expectation that they will get food by pressing a lever)
Best known applications of behavior modification -
\sexual dysfunction, phobic disorders, compulsive behaviors (overeating, smoking), and
training for people with intellectual disabilities or Autism Spectrum Disorder
Behavioral theories suggest that personality is a result of... -
\interaction between the individual and the environment
Behavioral theories focus on... -
\observable and measurable behaviors rather than internal thoughts and feelings
advantages of client self-monitoring (Behaviorism) -
\inexpensive, practical, therapeutic
disadvantages of client self-monitoring (Behaviorism) -
\clients collecting inadequate/inaccurate information or resisting to collect any at all
Positive Reinforcement (Operant Technique) -
\increases probability that behavior will occur: praise, giving tokens, or otherwise
rewarding positive behavior
Negative Reinforcement (Operant Technique) -
\behavior increases because a negative/aversive stimulus is removed (i.e., remove
shock)
Positive Punishment (Operant Technique) -
\presentation of undesirable stimulus following a behavior for the purpose of decreasing
or eliminating that behavior (i.e., spanking)
Negative Punishment (Operant Technique) -
\removal of a desirable stimulus following a behavior for the purpose of decreasing or
eliminating that behavior (i.e., time out)
Aversion Therapy -
\behavioral treatment aimed at reducing the attractiveness of a stimulus or behavior by
pairing it with an aversive stimulus (i.e., treating alcoholism with Antabuse)
Biofeedback -
