Adult Health NR-325 Exam 1 2023
What is the range of normal blood sugar? - CORRECT ANSWERS 70-100 mg/dL
What is the purpose of giving basal insulin? - CORRECT ANSWERS to regulate
blood glucose levels on a consistent basis
What are the 3 P's of Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWERS Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Why is polyuria seen in diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWERS because your body is
trying to get rid of the extra glucose
Why is polydipsia seen in diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWERS because your body
thinks its dehydrated from all the urination
Why is polyphagia seen in diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWERS polyphagia means
super hungry
People with diabetes are super hungry because there is no glucose being let into
the cells (which is what is needed to create energy/ATP) This makes the body
think that it needs more glucose
What are some signs that a person is experiencing diabetic keto acidosis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -kussmaul respirations- rapidly blowing off excess CO2
-altered LOC (may seem intoxicated)
-increased potassium (because H+ is going into the cell, forcing potassium out of the
cell)
- the 3 P's
- sweet fruity smelling breath
What would be the first thing you would do for someone who is experiencing DKA?
Then what would you do? - CORRECT ANSWERS First give fluids (isotonic- NS
0.9%NaCl)
Then, give regular insulin by IV.
*Note that Regular insulin is the ONLY insulin that can be given by IV
What kind of compensation does the body do when someone is experiencing DKA?
why? - CORRECT ANSWERS they compensate via their respiratory system (deep,
rapid respirations) because when they are experiencing DKA they are in
metabolic acidosis.
, *This compensation occurs rapidly but, is not extremely effective and a therapeutic
approach is needed to help the problem
What is metformin used for? what is its MOA? - CORRECT ANSWERS It is used in
diabetes and it decreases hepatic glucose creation and increases insulin
sensitivity
What should be tried before metformin therapy? - CORRECT ANSWERS lifestyle
changes
What makes insulin? - CORRECT ANSWERS beta cells in the pancreas
Stage 1 of DM Type I is AKA ____________________
How long does this stage last? - CORRECT ANSWERS honeymoon period lasts 3-
12 months after diagnosis
It is known as the honeymoon period because only a small amount of insulin is needed
because their are still beta cells creating insulin
What are the 3 stages of Type I DM for? - CORRECT ANSWERS They stand for beta
cell decline, meaning the more beta cells that are ruined, the less insulin is being
produced and then the more insulin is needed via medication.
If an individuals A1C is between 5.7%-6.4% they are in what category of diabetes? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Pre-diabetes because this is elevated but not high enough
to be labeled diabetes
What does A1C measure? - CORRECT ANSWERS amount of glucose on
hemoglobin in the blood
What range of 2 Hr GTT (2-hour glucose tolerance test) is considered pre-diabetic? -
CORRECT ANSWERS 140-199 mg/dL because this is elevated but not high
enough to be labeled diabetes
What range of intermittent fasting glucose is pre-diabetic? - CORRECT ANSWERS
100-125 mg/dL
What are the ranges for A1C, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and 2 Hr
GTT for someone with Type II DM? - CORRECT ANSWERS A1C- > 6.4
FBG- >/= 126 mg/dL
random BG- > 200 mg/dL
2 Hr GTT- >/= 200 mg/dL
Why is high fructose corn syrup bad? - CORRECT ANSWERS it tricks the brain
because our body cannot process it, which makes you crave more sugar and
causes weight gain
What is the range of normal blood sugar? - CORRECT ANSWERS 70-100 mg/dL
What is the purpose of giving basal insulin? - CORRECT ANSWERS to regulate
blood glucose levels on a consistent basis
What are the 3 P's of Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWERS Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Why is polyuria seen in diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWERS because your body is
trying to get rid of the extra glucose
Why is polydipsia seen in diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWERS because your body
thinks its dehydrated from all the urination
Why is polyphagia seen in diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWERS polyphagia means
super hungry
People with diabetes are super hungry because there is no glucose being let into
the cells (which is what is needed to create energy/ATP) This makes the body
think that it needs more glucose
What are some signs that a person is experiencing diabetic keto acidosis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -kussmaul respirations- rapidly blowing off excess CO2
-altered LOC (may seem intoxicated)
-increased potassium (because H+ is going into the cell, forcing potassium out of the
cell)
- the 3 P's
- sweet fruity smelling breath
What would be the first thing you would do for someone who is experiencing DKA?
Then what would you do? - CORRECT ANSWERS First give fluids (isotonic- NS
0.9%NaCl)
Then, give regular insulin by IV.
*Note that Regular insulin is the ONLY insulin that can be given by IV
What kind of compensation does the body do when someone is experiencing DKA?
why? - CORRECT ANSWERS they compensate via their respiratory system (deep,
rapid respirations) because when they are experiencing DKA they are in
metabolic acidosis.
, *This compensation occurs rapidly but, is not extremely effective and a therapeutic
approach is needed to help the problem
What is metformin used for? what is its MOA? - CORRECT ANSWERS It is used in
diabetes and it decreases hepatic glucose creation and increases insulin
sensitivity
What should be tried before metformin therapy? - CORRECT ANSWERS lifestyle
changes
What makes insulin? - CORRECT ANSWERS beta cells in the pancreas
Stage 1 of DM Type I is AKA ____________________
How long does this stage last? - CORRECT ANSWERS honeymoon period lasts 3-
12 months after diagnosis
It is known as the honeymoon period because only a small amount of insulin is needed
because their are still beta cells creating insulin
What are the 3 stages of Type I DM for? - CORRECT ANSWERS They stand for beta
cell decline, meaning the more beta cells that are ruined, the less insulin is being
produced and then the more insulin is needed via medication.
If an individuals A1C is between 5.7%-6.4% they are in what category of diabetes? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Pre-diabetes because this is elevated but not high enough
to be labeled diabetes
What does A1C measure? - CORRECT ANSWERS amount of glucose on
hemoglobin in the blood
What range of 2 Hr GTT (2-hour glucose tolerance test) is considered pre-diabetic? -
CORRECT ANSWERS 140-199 mg/dL because this is elevated but not high
enough to be labeled diabetes
What range of intermittent fasting glucose is pre-diabetic? - CORRECT ANSWERS
100-125 mg/dL
What are the ranges for A1C, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and 2 Hr
GTT for someone with Type II DM? - CORRECT ANSWERS A1C- > 6.4
FBG- >/= 126 mg/dL
random BG- > 200 mg/dL
2 Hr GTT- >/= 200 mg/dL
Why is high fructose corn syrup bad? - CORRECT ANSWERS it tricks the brain
because our body cannot process it, which makes you crave more sugar and
causes weight gain
