Veterinary Anesthesia Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 | 100% Correct

Anesthesia - answer Loss of feeling or sensation Premedication - answer Drugs administered to the patient before general anesthesia is induced Anesthetic induction - answer The process of bringing a patient from a state of consciousness to general anesthesia usually by means of injectable anesthetic drugs Anesthetic maintenance - answer The process used to keep patients under general anesthesia until the procedure is over Local anesthesia - answer The loss of sensation in a localized body part or region without the loss of consciousness Analgesia - answer A state without pain Sedation - answer A state of calm or drowsiness Tranquilization - answer A state of relaxation and reduction of anxiety (muscles are so relaxed they don't work anymore) Neuroleptanalgesia - answer A state of profound sedation and analgesia produced by giving simultaneous administration of an opioid and tranquilizer Objectives of anesthesia: - answer Produce a loss of sensation Provide muscle relaxation Provide analgesia Alter consciousness Balanced anesthesia - answer The process of using multiple different drugs that have complimentary effects (make it the best possible experience we can) Steps of anesthesia: - answer Patient evaluation and preparation Equipment and supplies Preanesthetic medication Induction Maintenance Recovery When should a PE be performed by a DVM? - answer Before administering any drugs to the patient Who is responsible for obtaining and recording a TPR, MM color, CRT, mentation, and weight? - Veterinary Anesthesia Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 | 100% Correct answer LVT ARA (anesthetic risk assessment) - answer Information collected via the physical exam and laboratory results will allow the DVM to formulate ARA scale 1 - answer Minimal risk, normal healthy patient undergoing an elective procedure (spay, neuter, declaw) ARA scale 2 - answer Low risk, patient with mild systemic disease. Neonatal, geriatric or obese patients. Patients with mild dehydration (procedures such as lump removal; may be an elective procedure) ARA scale 3 - answer Moderate risk, patient with severe systemic disease such as anemia, moderate dehydration, and compensated major organ disease ARA scale 4 - answer High risk, patient with severe systemmic disease that is a constant threat to life (ruptured bladder, internal hemorrhage, pneumothorax and pyometra) ARA scale 5 - answer Extreme risk, patient is moribund (on the way to death) that is not expected to live without the operation (severe head trauma, pulmonary embolus, GDV, and end-stage organ failure) How are ET tubes placed? - answer Inside the trachea of an unconscious patient, attached to a breathing tube, and connected to the anesthetic machine Benefits or ET tubes: - answer Allows an open airway, prevents aspiration of stomach contents and water and allows for manual ventilation if needed (breathing for patient) What is used to measure ET tubes? - answer The internal diameter (ID) Laryngoscope - answer Used to allow better visualization of the pharynx and larynx when placing ET tubes Two parts to laryngoscopes: - answer Blade (with light) Handle What animal(s) are laryngoscopes NOT used on? - answer Cattle or horses Masks - answer Cone shaped devices that allow you to deliver oxygen and/or anesthetic gases to the patient without intubating them What do masks NOT do? - answer Maintain an open airway, prevent aspiration, nor allow you to manually ventilate for the patient Induction chambers - answer Modified fish tank; allows you to provide the patient with O2 and/or anesthetic gas; very helpful in anesthetizing aggressive small animals such as cats and some dogs Anesthetic machine - answer Used to deliver O2 and anesthetic gas to a patient which allows us to maintain them at a surgical plane of anesthesia Oxygen source - answer Either attached to the machine or piped in Vaporizer - answer Turns liquid anesthetic into vapor Pressure regulator - answer Drops pressure down before it goes to machine; usually 50 psi Flow meter - answer Controls the amount of gas (oxygen) flowing through vaporizer or to the patient; marked in liters per minute or ml/min Soda lime granules - answer Canister that removes CO2 Scavenger unit - answer Passive OR active: no charcoal They remove excess anesthetic gas Manometer - answer Tells us pressure of the anesthetic circuit Pop off valve - answer Exit point where gas leaves machine Unidirectional valves - answer Patient breathes in = oxygen and gas out -- goes to pop off valve O2 flush valve - answer Puts pure oxygen into the circuit Rebreathing bag - answer Extra safety thing; if they take in a deep breath; there's extra gas to give Oxygen tanks - answer Green tanks; Legally must be anchored to the wall; in America (2200 psi) and should be changed when they contain 100-200 psi Nitrous oxide tanks - answer Blue tanks; don't see too much in veterinary medicine anymore; 95% liquid (750 psi) E tanks - answer Smaller tanks connected directly to the machine; lasts for months depending on amount of surgery done Delivery rate - answer Measured by the middle of the steel ball as it corresponds to the scale on the flow meter What should you NEVER do to the flowmeter? - answer Overtighten Flow of O2 through the system: - answer Compressed gas (very high pressure) Pressure regulator (takes pressure down to 50 psi) Flow meter (precision control of gas delivered to vaporizer or patient) Vaporizer color code: - answer Purple (isoflurane) Yellow (sevoflurane) Red (halothane) Active scavengers - answer Use a mechanical fan to remove waste gas from the machine and places it in the outside environment Passive scavengers - answer F/air canisters; removes waste anesthetic gas from the machine, cleans it using activated charcoal, and puts it into the room How do you change a passive scavenger? - answer Weighing the canister and once it has reached the specified weight set by the manufacturer, discarding it and replacing with new charcoal What colors do the soda lime granules change to when they work? - answer White (new Blue (old) How do clinics base the change of the soda lime granules? - answer - Amount of time used - Color change - By a set day (1 per month) What is the pressure that the manometer should NEVER exceed? - answer 20 cm/H2O Cases of pulmonary atelectasis may go up to what pressure in the manometer? - answer 40 cm/H2O Rebreathing bag - answer A rubber bag that holds extra gas that allows the patient to recycle gas that was previously exhaled and cleaned of CO2 with the soda lime granules How often should you administer manual breaths to the patient if they are undergoing a long procedure to prevent pulmonary atelectasis? - answer Once every 5-10 minutes Always round ______________ to the next biggest size of rebreathing bags - answer Up To calculate the bag needed we use a bag equivalent to ___________________ the patient's tidal volume - answer 6 times Tidal volume - answer 10 ml/kg -- 60 mL's per kg Rebreathing circuit - answer Require the patient to move the gas through the tubes while inhaling and exhaling What is the most common type of rebreathign circuit? - answer Y-piece rebreather Non-rebreathing circuits - answer Rely on higher pressures to move the gas and do not require the patient to move it (used on small patients) Non-rebreathing circuits are generally used on small animals weight under ____________________________? - answer 2.5-3 kg (5.5-6.6 lbs) How do you leak check a machine? - answer 1. Turn on O2 2. Attach breathing circuit and rebreathing bag 3. Completely close pop-off valve 4. Occlude patient end 5. Turn on flow meter to 2L/min and watch the manometer until it reaches 20cm/H2O 6. Turn flow meter down to 200ml/min 7. Watch manometer (if leak free it should stay at 20cm/H2O) 8. Check machine for leak and recheck if problem found 9. When completed, OPEN popoff valve What are some common areas for leaks in the anesthetic machine? - answer Breathing circuit Rebreathing bag Soda lime granules