NURSING CARE FOR ADULT EXAM 4

Postural hypotension -Blood pressure that drops when the pt stands up. 2. Drugs that cause postural hypotension DRUGS USED TO TREAT HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE -Diuretics -Beta blockers -Calcium-channel blockers -ACE inhibitors DRUGS THAT HAVE HYPOTENSION AS A SIDE EFFECT -Nitrates -Erectile dysfunction -Parkinson's -antipsychotics -neuroleptics -anti-anxiety -sedative -tricyclic antidepressants 3. Compensatory mechanism for hypotension -If blood volume decreases, the kidneys secrete the enzyme Renin in the blood -Renin acts on certain blood proteins to produce angiotensin 1 -Angiotensin 1 is converted to Angiotensin 2 by angiotensin-converting enzymes from the lungs -Angiotensin 2 acts directly on blood vessels, causing them to constrict, increasing resistance to blood flow in the peripheral vessels. -Angiotensin 2 also stimulates the adrenal gland to release aldosterone, causing Na and water retention by the renal tubules. The retained sodium and water increase the blood volume causing elevated blood pressure. 1 / 18 4. S/S of heart failure -Dyspnea on exertion -Weight gain -Tachycardia -Dependent edema -Fatigue/weakness -Swollen abdomen (ascites) -Nocturia -SOA -Cough/Wheezing 5. When is an MRI unsafe to use? -Pacemakers -Any type of iron-based metal implant -Presence of internal metallic objects -Pregnancy -Epilepsy -Allergy to contrast dye, iodine, or shellfish 6. What assessment needs to be made before preparing a patient for a heart cath? -Assess pt for allergy to iodine, shellfish, or contrast dye. -Record baseline vital signs and mark location of pedal pulses -Assess peripheral pulses with vital signs and question patient about numbness or tingling 7. Best indicator that patient is gaining or losing fluid -Weight -A weight gain of 3+ indicates in a 24 hour period indicates weight gain 8. What lab is important when giving the patient thiazides or loop diuretics? Potassium 9. What is an S3 heart sound? -Also called the "ventricular gallop" -Extra sound -Occurs just after S2 when the mitral valve opens, allowing passive filling of the left ventricle. The S3 sound is actually produced by the large amount of blood striking a very compliant left ventricle