APHY 102 - Exam 3 Nutrition and Metabolism Questions
and Answers
Metabolism
the coordinated process of transforming nutrients into substrates
chemical process your body uses to transform the food you eat into the fuel that keeps
you alive
Nutrition consists of
proteins, carbs & fats
Nutrition& metabolism is
connected to maintain the homeostasis in the body, fuel is needed to keep the body
going
Metabolism refers
to the sum of all physical and chemical processes by which living organisms are
produced and maintained
Attributes are defined as
Defining characteristics of the concept, what quality must be present for the concept to
exist
Attributes
contributes to body structure and/or regulate chemical processes in the body, proper
metabolism will result in the right amount of energy released that the body needs to
function
Antecedents
preceding events that influence what comes later; what must happen before the concept
can exist
Antecedents are classified as
food can be ingested properly & nutrients can be absorbed, transported, metabolized,
and eliminated
There must be adequate ingestion of nutrients & water
Adequate thermoregualtion and a normal Ph level must be maintained for proper
metabolic function to occur
Malnutrition
insufficient/excess intake(leading to failure to thrive or obesity): altered hydration status
low energy/fatigued
Physiological
psychological dysfunction (trouble with ingestion, digestion, absorption & metabolism)
-depression/isolation
Growth & development of delays
decreased bone density
delayed & inadequate healing
illness/muscle wasting
death
Consequences can be
neg or positive
, Metabolic syndrome
A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more of a group of factors (as
high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and
high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular
disease and Type 2 diabetes.
Pancreas
a gland organ that produces exocrine glands to help with digestion and endocrine
glands that control blood glucose
Liver
acts as the body's glucose(or fuel) reservoir and helps to keep your circulating blood
sugar levels and other body fuels steady and constant
Liver stores & manufactures
glucose depending upon the body's need
Glucose can made in three ways
1. through eating carbs that form into glucose
2.Glucose is released through stored glucagon-through muscle cells and liver
3. Glucose is newly made through the liver and kidney cells
Diabetes Mellitus
a group of disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose levels(hyperglycemia)
the ability of the body to maintain homeostasis(the balance between actions of glucagon
and insulin) is impaired
Normal fasting blood glucose
less than 100 mg/dl
Prediabetes fasting blood glucose level
100-125 mg/dL(warning signs for type 2 diabetes)
Diabetes fasting blood glucose
126 mg/dL or higher
Normal fasting glucose can be altered if
a person is not eating for 8 hrs or more
Type 1 diabetes
insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed by an autoimmune process-
insulin dependent
Type I diabetes onset
is acute and usuallly it is diagnosed before 30 years of age, can start at any age
Insulin dependent is
needed when beta cells are destroyed your body no longer make endogenous insulin
within the body, u need exogenous insulin(outside source of insulin)
Risk factors for diabetes include
Those over age 45
Obesity
Family history of diabetes
History of gestational diabetes
Race and ethnicity
Physical inactivity
Diet.
and Answers
Metabolism
the coordinated process of transforming nutrients into substrates
chemical process your body uses to transform the food you eat into the fuel that keeps
you alive
Nutrition consists of
proteins, carbs & fats
Nutrition& metabolism is
connected to maintain the homeostasis in the body, fuel is needed to keep the body
going
Metabolism refers
to the sum of all physical and chemical processes by which living organisms are
produced and maintained
Attributes are defined as
Defining characteristics of the concept, what quality must be present for the concept to
exist
Attributes
contributes to body structure and/or regulate chemical processes in the body, proper
metabolism will result in the right amount of energy released that the body needs to
function
Antecedents
preceding events that influence what comes later; what must happen before the concept
can exist
Antecedents are classified as
food can be ingested properly & nutrients can be absorbed, transported, metabolized,
and eliminated
There must be adequate ingestion of nutrients & water
Adequate thermoregualtion and a normal Ph level must be maintained for proper
metabolic function to occur
Malnutrition
insufficient/excess intake(leading to failure to thrive or obesity): altered hydration status
low energy/fatigued
Physiological
psychological dysfunction (trouble with ingestion, digestion, absorption & metabolism)
-depression/isolation
Growth & development of delays
decreased bone density
delayed & inadequate healing
illness/muscle wasting
death
Consequences can be
neg or positive
, Metabolic syndrome
A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more of a group of factors (as
high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and
high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular
disease and Type 2 diabetes.
Pancreas
a gland organ that produces exocrine glands to help with digestion and endocrine
glands that control blood glucose
Liver
acts as the body's glucose(or fuel) reservoir and helps to keep your circulating blood
sugar levels and other body fuels steady and constant
Liver stores & manufactures
glucose depending upon the body's need
Glucose can made in three ways
1. through eating carbs that form into glucose
2.Glucose is released through stored glucagon-through muscle cells and liver
3. Glucose is newly made through the liver and kidney cells
Diabetes Mellitus
a group of disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose levels(hyperglycemia)
the ability of the body to maintain homeostasis(the balance between actions of glucagon
and insulin) is impaired
Normal fasting blood glucose
less than 100 mg/dl
Prediabetes fasting blood glucose level
100-125 mg/dL(warning signs for type 2 diabetes)
Diabetes fasting blood glucose
126 mg/dL or higher
Normal fasting glucose can be altered if
a person is not eating for 8 hrs or more
Type 1 diabetes
insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed by an autoimmune process-
insulin dependent
Type I diabetes onset
is acute and usuallly it is diagnosed before 30 years of age, can start at any age
Insulin dependent is
needed when beta cells are destroyed your body no longer make endogenous insulin
within the body, u need exogenous insulin(outside source of insulin)
Risk factors for diabetes include
Those over age 45
Obesity
Family history of diabetes
History of gestational diabetes
Race and ethnicity
Physical inactivity
Diet.
