APHY 102 - Exam 3 Nutrition and Metabolism Questions
and Answers
neuropeptide Y
a chemical produced in the brain that stimulates appetite, diminishes energy
expenditure, and increases fat storage
leptin
A hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a satiety factor in regulating
appetite.
ghrelin
hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain
carbohydrates
Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
proteins
Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues
fats
Nutrients that promote normal growth, give you energy, and keep your skin healthy.
macronutrients
A chemical substance that an organism must obtain in relatively large amounts
monosaccharide
A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.
fructose
a monosaccharide; sometimes known as fruit sugar
sucrose
glucose + fructose
galactose
Milk sugar (monosaccharide)
glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy
for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
vitamin supplements
Concentrated forms of vitamins; may be in tablet or liquid form.
lipids include
triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
(fats, oils, waxes)
a triglyceride
a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule
deamination
the removal of an amino group from an organism, particularly from an amino acid
essential amino acids
Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by the body; they must be eaten in
foods
BMR
basal metabolic rate - measures energy needs of the body at rest
and Answers
neuropeptide Y
a chemical produced in the brain that stimulates appetite, diminishes energy
expenditure, and increases fat storage
leptin
A hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a satiety factor in regulating
appetite.
ghrelin
hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain
carbohydrates
Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
proteins
Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues
fats
Nutrients that promote normal growth, give you energy, and keep your skin healthy.
macronutrients
A chemical substance that an organism must obtain in relatively large amounts
monosaccharide
A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.
fructose
a monosaccharide; sometimes known as fruit sugar
sucrose
glucose + fructose
galactose
Milk sugar (monosaccharide)
glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy
for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
vitamin supplements
Concentrated forms of vitamins; may be in tablet or liquid form.
lipids include
triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
(fats, oils, waxes)
a triglyceride
a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule
deamination
the removal of an amino group from an organism, particularly from an amino acid
essential amino acids
Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by the body; they must be eaten in
foods
BMR
basal metabolic rate - measures energy needs of the body at rest
