NUR2392 Multidimensional Care II Exam
2 Questions And Answers
Uncompensated - Correct Answer pH and one other value is abnormal
Partial compensation - Correct Answer pH, CO2, and HCO3 are all off
Full compensation - Correct Answer pH is normal
Acidosis - Correct Answer reduces the excitability of cardiovascular muscle, neurons,
skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle.
Alkalosis - Correct Answer increases the sensitivity of excitable tissues allowing them
to OVERRESPOND without stimulation
ABG considerations - Correct Answer - Assess cardiovascular w/ acidosis (cardiac
arrest from hyperkalemia)
- Assess neuro status
- Fall precautions
Bicarb HC03 - Correct Answer kidney compensation (slow and powerful)
Respiratory PaC02 - Correct Answer Respiratory compensation (fast but limited)
Metabolic acidosis causes - Correct Answer DKA, Starvation, diarrhea, kidney failure,
dehydration, liver failure, pancreatitis, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia,
ischemia, ethanol/methanol intoxication
Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms - Correct Answer bradycardia, hypotension,
thready pulse, CNS depression, hyporeflexia, kussmal resp (with resp compensation),
warm, flushed, dry skin.
Metabolic acidosis treatment - Correct Answer hydration and medication to treat
underlying problems (DKA - give insulin).
Metabolic alkalosis causes - Correct Answer antacids, blood transfusion, sodium
bicarbonate, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), prolonged vomiting, nasogastric suctioning,
hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, Loop/Thiazide diuretics.
Metabolic Alkalosis s/s - Correct Answer anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures,
POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU, parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle
cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased
Digoxin toxicity, decreased respiratory effort (muscle weakness).
, metabolic alkalosis treatment - Correct Answer restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances
Respiratory acidosis cause - Correct Answer Opioids, anesthetics, electrolyte
imbalance, inadequate chest expansion, muscle weakness, airway obstruction,
alveolar-capillary block.
Respiratory acidosis s/s - Correct Answer bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse,
CNS depression, hyporeflexia, ineffective respirations, pale-to-cyanotic dry skin.
Respiratory acidosis treatment - Correct Answer (Assess airway) Improve gas
exchange, drug therapy (bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory), oxygen therapy (lowest
flow possible), ventilation.
Respiratory alkalosis cause - Correct Answer Hyperventilation (fear, anxiety),
mechanical ventilation, salicylate toxicity, high altitudes, early-stage acute pulmonary
issues.
respiratory alkalosis s/s - Correct Answer anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures,
POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU (hypocalcemia), parathesis,
hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia,
norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, hyperventilation
respiratory alkalosis treatment - Correct Answer restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances
How do acid/base imbalances affect electrolytes - Correct Answer - Potassium levels
increase in acidosis as the body attempts to maintain electroneutrality during buffering.
- Potassium is elevated in acute respiratory acidosis and normal/low in chronic
respiratory acidosis when kidney compensation is present
- Alkalosis = hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
- Acidosis = HYPERkalemia
alkalosis - Correct Answer hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
acidosis - Correct Answer HYPERkalemia
Upper GI consists of - Correct Answer mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and
duodenum.
Barret's Epithelium - Correct Answer premalignant; columnar epithelium that develops
in lower esophagus
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (dumping syndrome) - Correct Answer happens in PT with
gastrectomy, from rapid emptying of food contents into the small intestine.
Dumping syndrome S/S - Correct Answer nausea, distension, cramping pains,
diarrhea within 15 minutes after eating
2 Questions And Answers
Uncompensated - Correct Answer pH and one other value is abnormal
Partial compensation - Correct Answer pH, CO2, and HCO3 are all off
Full compensation - Correct Answer pH is normal
Acidosis - Correct Answer reduces the excitability of cardiovascular muscle, neurons,
skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle.
Alkalosis - Correct Answer increases the sensitivity of excitable tissues allowing them
to OVERRESPOND without stimulation
ABG considerations - Correct Answer - Assess cardiovascular w/ acidosis (cardiac
arrest from hyperkalemia)
- Assess neuro status
- Fall precautions
Bicarb HC03 - Correct Answer kidney compensation (slow and powerful)
Respiratory PaC02 - Correct Answer Respiratory compensation (fast but limited)
Metabolic acidosis causes - Correct Answer DKA, Starvation, diarrhea, kidney failure,
dehydration, liver failure, pancreatitis, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia,
ischemia, ethanol/methanol intoxication
Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms - Correct Answer bradycardia, hypotension,
thready pulse, CNS depression, hyporeflexia, kussmal resp (with resp compensation),
warm, flushed, dry skin.
Metabolic acidosis treatment - Correct Answer hydration and medication to treat
underlying problems (DKA - give insulin).
Metabolic alkalosis causes - Correct Answer antacids, blood transfusion, sodium
bicarbonate, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), prolonged vomiting, nasogastric suctioning,
hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, Loop/Thiazide diuretics.
Metabolic Alkalosis s/s - Correct Answer anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures,
POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU, parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle
cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased
Digoxin toxicity, decreased respiratory effort (muscle weakness).
, metabolic alkalosis treatment - Correct Answer restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances
Respiratory acidosis cause - Correct Answer Opioids, anesthetics, electrolyte
imbalance, inadequate chest expansion, muscle weakness, airway obstruction,
alveolar-capillary block.
Respiratory acidosis s/s - Correct Answer bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse,
CNS depression, hyporeflexia, ineffective respirations, pale-to-cyanotic dry skin.
Respiratory acidosis treatment - Correct Answer (Assess airway) Improve gas
exchange, drug therapy (bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory), oxygen therapy (lowest
flow possible), ventilation.
Respiratory alkalosis cause - Correct Answer Hyperventilation (fear, anxiety),
mechanical ventilation, salicylate toxicity, high altitudes, early-stage acute pulmonary
issues.
respiratory alkalosis s/s - Correct Answer anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures,
POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU (hypocalcemia), parathesis,
hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia,
norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, hyperventilation
respiratory alkalosis treatment - Correct Answer restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances
How do acid/base imbalances affect electrolytes - Correct Answer - Potassium levels
increase in acidosis as the body attempts to maintain electroneutrality during buffering.
- Potassium is elevated in acute respiratory acidosis and normal/low in chronic
respiratory acidosis when kidney compensation is present
- Alkalosis = hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
- Acidosis = HYPERkalemia
alkalosis - Correct Answer hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
acidosis - Correct Answer HYPERkalemia
Upper GI consists of - Correct Answer mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and
duodenum.
Barret's Epithelium - Correct Answer premalignant; columnar epithelium that develops
in lower esophagus
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (dumping syndrome) - Correct Answer happens in PT with
gastrectomy, from rapid emptying of food contents into the small intestine.
Dumping syndrome S/S - Correct Answer nausea, distension, cramping pains,
diarrhea within 15 minutes after eating
