BIO 4400 FINAL EXAM, CELL FATE AND SPECIFICATION, EXAM 2: NEURULATION, EXAM 2: NEURONS, EXAM 2 - NEURAL CREST CELLS, EXAM 2: SENSORY PLACODES AND ORGANS, CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS AND SIGNALING & ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) | GRADED+ | LATEST DONE

Ectoderm doesn't move through the __________ or __________ ANSWER: 1) blastopore (frogs and fishes) or 2) primitive streak (birds and humans) Sensory organs all begin in the head as... ANSWER: placode - thickenings of surface ectoderm what are 4 types of cell interactions? ANSWER: 1) Internal/mechanical 2) Juxtacrine signaling 3) Paracrine signaling 4) Endocrine signaling Note: these are arranged in order of closest interaction to longest distance interaction The 6 word key to development: ANSWER: Find it Deeagles - Stuvia US - mRNA or protein has to be in the right place (at the right time) in order for a developmental step to take place Move it - moving specific cells to a new location - does this start a new process? if so then, those cells are probably important for the process Neural crest cells as the _________ only in vertebrates! Neural crest cells as the _________ because of their extensive migration ANSWER: 1) "4th germ layer" 2) "the explorers of the embryo" Patterning of neural tube (CNS): - anterior to posterior via _________. - dosal to ventral via ________ and ________ ANSWER: 1) Hox genes 2) BMP and Shh gradients Three fundamental rules of development: ANSWER: 1) Timing is everything 2) Location, location, location 3) Both of the above are true Deeagles - Stuvia US Ectoderm in birds and humans vs. frogs and fishes ANSWER: Birds and humans: - Ectoderm = Epiblast that does not ingress Frogs and Fishes: - Ectoderm = epithelia that undergoes epiboly and remains on outside what is the another name for the cell body of a neuron? ANSWER: Soma Neural crest cell derivatives ANSWER: *INTERMEDIATE BMP LEVELS* 1) Adrenal medulla 2) Craniofacial bones and carti