Chapter 2: The Cell - made a series of flasks with long,
twisted necks (“swan-neck” flasks)
Lesson 1: Spontaneous Generation
- earn the prestigious Alhumbert Prize
in 1862 from the Paris Academy of
Sciences. In the following lecture in
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
1864, Pasteur articulated “Omne
- Life came from non-living matter. vivum ex vivo,” meaning “Life only
- First proposed by Aristotle comes from life.
- “life is a germ, and a germ is life"
ARISTOTLE (384–322 BC)
- Greek philosopher
- Suggest that if a material contains a
vital heat (pneuma) life could
Lesson 2.2: Foundations of Modern Cell
emerged
Theory
- It only stayed until 17th century
There are two basic tenets of modern cell
JAN BAPTIST van HELMONT
theory:
- Flemish chemist that suggests that
All cells only originate from other cells
mice emerged from rags left in an
(the principle of biogenesis).
open container for 3 weeks.
Cells are the fundamental units of
FRANCISCO REDI (1626-1697) organisms.
- Italian physician The Origins of Cell Theory
- Performed the experiment in 1668.
Robert Hooke
- 1st to oppose the idea of spontaneous
generation - In 1665 first termed “cells” to identify
the small chambers within cork that
JOHN NEEDHAM (1713–1781)
he observed under a microscope of
- In 1745, published a report on his his own design.
experiment wherein the meat and - English scienctist
pants were briefly boiled and thus in - “Cavern, Bubble, or Cell”
conclusion he supported the idea of
Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881)
spontaneous generation.
- German botanist
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI (1729–1799)
- microscopic observations of plant
- Disagreed with Needham, wherein he tissues and described them as being
executed expiring using the heated composed of cells.
broth. - plant cells are clearly characterized by
- Second to disprove the theory of their thick cell walls.
spontaneous gen. - believed that cells are made through
crystallization and not through cell
LOUIS PASTEUR division.
- French chemist
- Father of fermentation and
pasteurization. Theodor Schwann (1810–1882)
- Accepted the challenge in 1858,
- German physiologist
through filtered air gun cotton filter
, - similar microscopic observations of - in the early 1880s was the first to
animal tissue identify the chloroplasts of plant cells
- laid the foundation for the idea that and their function in starch formation
the fundamental components of during photosynthesis. He also
plants and animals are cells observed that they divided
independent of the nucleus.
Robert Remak (1815–1865)
Konstantin Mereschkowski (1855–1921)
- influential neurologist and
embryologist - Russian botanist
- presented convincing evidence that - suggested in 1905 that chloroplasts
cells are formed from other cells as a may have arisen from ancestral
result of cell division photosynthetic bacteria living
symbiotically within a eukaryotic cell.
He has indicated a similar origin for
Rudolf Virchow (1821– 1902) the plant cell nucleus. This was the
first expression of the endosymbiotic
- editorial essay entitled "Cellular hypothesis and would explain how
Pathology." eukaryotic cells developed from
- popularized the idea of cell theory ancestral bacteria.
using the Latin phrase omnis cellula a
cellula ("all cells arise from cells") Ivan Wallin (1883–1969)
- American anatomist
- started to examine and
Endosymbiotic Theory experimentally the similarities
- posits that some eukaryotic between mitochondria, chloroplasts,
cell organelles, such as and bacteria — that is, to bring the
mitochondria and plastids, endosymbiotic hypothesis to the test
evolved from free-living using experimental investigation
prokaryotes.
- holds that organelles within Lynn Margulis (1938–2011)
the cells of eukaryotes such as - American geneticist
mitochondria and chloroplasts, - published her ideas about the
had descended from endosymbiotic hypothesis of the
independent bacteria that origins of mitochondria and
came to live symbiotically chloroplast in 1967
within other cells.
The Germ Theory of Disease
Robert Brown (1773–1858)
- Scottish botanist
- first to describe observations of Miasma theory
nuclei, which he observed in plant - ideas that diseases originated from
cells in 1831 particles coming from decomposing
Andreas Schimper (1856–1901) matter such as that in sewage or
cesspits.
- German botanist
Girolamo Fracastoro
twisted necks (“swan-neck” flasks)
Lesson 1: Spontaneous Generation
- earn the prestigious Alhumbert Prize
in 1862 from the Paris Academy of
Sciences. In the following lecture in
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
1864, Pasteur articulated “Omne
- Life came from non-living matter. vivum ex vivo,” meaning “Life only
- First proposed by Aristotle comes from life.
- “life is a germ, and a germ is life"
ARISTOTLE (384–322 BC)
- Greek philosopher
- Suggest that if a material contains a
vital heat (pneuma) life could
Lesson 2.2: Foundations of Modern Cell
emerged
Theory
- It only stayed until 17th century
There are two basic tenets of modern cell
JAN BAPTIST van HELMONT
theory:
- Flemish chemist that suggests that
All cells only originate from other cells
mice emerged from rags left in an
(the principle of biogenesis).
open container for 3 weeks.
Cells are the fundamental units of
FRANCISCO REDI (1626-1697) organisms.
- Italian physician The Origins of Cell Theory
- Performed the experiment in 1668.
Robert Hooke
- 1st to oppose the idea of spontaneous
generation - In 1665 first termed “cells” to identify
the small chambers within cork that
JOHN NEEDHAM (1713–1781)
he observed under a microscope of
- In 1745, published a report on his his own design.
experiment wherein the meat and - English scienctist
pants were briefly boiled and thus in - “Cavern, Bubble, or Cell”
conclusion he supported the idea of
Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881)
spontaneous generation.
- German botanist
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI (1729–1799)
- microscopic observations of plant
- Disagreed with Needham, wherein he tissues and described them as being
executed expiring using the heated composed of cells.
broth. - plant cells are clearly characterized by
- Second to disprove the theory of their thick cell walls.
spontaneous gen. - believed that cells are made through
crystallization and not through cell
LOUIS PASTEUR division.
- French chemist
- Father of fermentation and
pasteurization. Theodor Schwann (1810–1882)
- Accepted the challenge in 1858,
- German physiologist
through filtered air gun cotton filter
, - similar microscopic observations of - in the early 1880s was the first to
animal tissue identify the chloroplasts of plant cells
- laid the foundation for the idea that and their function in starch formation
the fundamental components of during photosynthesis. He also
plants and animals are cells observed that they divided
independent of the nucleus.
Robert Remak (1815–1865)
Konstantin Mereschkowski (1855–1921)
- influential neurologist and
embryologist - Russian botanist
- presented convincing evidence that - suggested in 1905 that chloroplasts
cells are formed from other cells as a may have arisen from ancestral
result of cell division photosynthetic bacteria living
symbiotically within a eukaryotic cell.
He has indicated a similar origin for
Rudolf Virchow (1821– 1902) the plant cell nucleus. This was the
first expression of the endosymbiotic
- editorial essay entitled "Cellular hypothesis and would explain how
Pathology." eukaryotic cells developed from
- popularized the idea of cell theory ancestral bacteria.
using the Latin phrase omnis cellula a
cellula ("all cells arise from cells") Ivan Wallin (1883–1969)
- American anatomist
- started to examine and
Endosymbiotic Theory experimentally the similarities
- posits that some eukaryotic between mitochondria, chloroplasts,
cell organelles, such as and bacteria — that is, to bring the
mitochondria and plastids, endosymbiotic hypothesis to the test
evolved from free-living using experimental investigation
prokaryotes.
- holds that organelles within Lynn Margulis (1938–2011)
the cells of eukaryotes such as - American geneticist
mitochondria and chloroplasts, - published her ideas about the
had descended from endosymbiotic hypothesis of the
independent bacteria that origins of mitochondria and
came to live symbiotically chloroplast in 1967
within other cells.
The Germ Theory of Disease
Robert Brown (1773–1858)
- Scottish botanist
- first to describe observations of Miasma theory
nuclei, which he observed in plant - ideas that diseases originated from
cells in 1831 particles coming from decomposing
Andreas Schimper (1856–1901) matter such as that in sewage or
cesspits.
- German botanist
Girolamo Fracastoro
