NUR-BIO 106 GENETICS NOTES
TO IMPROVE YOUR SKILLS 100%
CERTIFIED
Bio 106 notes:
- Any 2 people in a room only differ in approximately 0.5% of their DNA
- “Golden state killer” was able to be linked to previous crimes through his daughters
DNA
- Genetics help playing a role in healthcare, predicting, understanding, and treating
disease
o Knowing your genetics gives you options
- Genetics: the study of inherited traits and variation
- Traits could include hair color, eye color, height
o Variation is differences in the traits between organisms ex: redhead vs brown
hair
- Transmission Genetics: study of the pattern of inheritance of specific traits
o “Pedigree Analysis” to study human inheritance
- Cytogenetics: Study chromosome number of structures
o ‘karyotypes” are arranged of chromosome photos that allow one to observe
them
- Molecular Genetics: Discover, isolate, and manipulate specific genes
- “Recombinant DNA technology” allows for physical manipulation of DNA
- POPULATION GENETICS: study variations within large populations
- 20,500 genes in our genomes
,NUR-BIO 106 GENETICS NOTES
TO IMPROVE YOUR SKILLS 100%
CERTIFIED
- Don’t eat taco bell chicken its horse meat
1/20
- Pancreas produces insulin
- Gene expression shows whether gene is active or not
o Only 1.5% of the genome codes are turned on and producing protein (called the
exome)
The other 98.5% tells the cell when/where to turn a gene on/off
- Chromosomes reside within the nucleus of a cell
- Everything outside of the nucleus is called cytoplasm, which contains organelles
o Protein resides in cytoplasm
- Transcription: the synthesis of protein of mRNA from DNA
- Translation: the synthesis of protein from mRNA
- Once mRNA leaves nucleus it is translated into a protein
o Proteins made of amino acids
20 amino acids to make protein
- Connecting 2 amino acids while making a protein makes a peptide bond between amino
acids
- The order of amino acids in a protein determines the folded shape of a protein
, NUR-BIO 106 GENETICS NOTES
TO IMPROVE YOUR SKILLS 100%
CERTIFIED
- Denatured = fallen apart
1/25/2022
- DNA contains 2 strands bound together
o The molecule is twisted
o One strand is oriented in one direction, the other strand is oriented in the
opposite direction
1/27/22
- Difference between DNA and RNA
o DNA is double stranded, and RNA is generally single stranded
o DNA has deoxyribose as the sugar and RNA has ribose as the sugar
o Bases used in DNA consist of
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
o Bases in RNA consist of
Uracil (U)
Cytosine ©
Adenine (A)
TO IMPROVE YOUR SKILLS 100%
CERTIFIED
Bio 106 notes:
- Any 2 people in a room only differ in approximately 0.5% of their DNA
- “Golden state killer” was able to be linked to previous crimes through his daughters
DNA
- Genetics help playing a role in healthcare, predicting, understanding, and treating
disease
o Knowing your genetics gives you options
- Genetics: the study of inherited traits and variation
- Traits could include hair color, eye color, height
o Variation is differences in the traits between organisms ex: redhead vs brown
hair
- Transmission Genetics: study of the pattern of inheritance of specific traits
o “Pedigree Analysis” to study human inheritance
- Cytogenetics: Study chromosome number of structures
o ‘karyotypes” are arranged of chromosome photos that allow one to observe
them
- Molecular Genetics: Discover, isolate, and manipulate specific genes
- “Recombinant DNA technology” allows for physical manipulation of DNA
- POPULATION GENETICS: study variations within large populations
- 20,500 genes in our genomes
,NUR-BIO 106 GENETICS NOTES
TO IMPROVE YOUR SKILLS 100%
CERTIFIED
- Don’t eat taco bell chicken its horse meat
1/20
- Pancreas produces insulin
- Gene expression shows whether gene is active or not
o Only 1.5% of the genome codes are turned on and producing protein (called the
exome)
The other 98.5% tells the cell when/where to turn a gene on/off
- Chromosomes reside within the nucleus of a cell
- Everything outside of the nucleus is called cytoplasm, which contains organelles
o Protein resides in cytoplasm
- Transcription: the synthesis of protein of mRNA from DNA
- Translation: the synthesis of protein from mRNA
- Once mRNA leaves nucleus it is translated into a protein
o Proteins made of amino acids
20 amino acids to make protein
- Connecting 2 amino acids while making a protein makes a peptide bond between amino
acids
- The order of amino acids in a protein determines the folded shape of a protein
, NUR-BIO 106 GENETICS NOTES
TO IMPROVE YOUR SKILLS 100%
CERTIFIED
- Denatured = fallen apart
1/25/2022
- DNA contains 2 strands bound together
o The molecule is twisted
o One strand is oriented in one direction, the other strand is oriented in the
opposite direction
1/27/22
- Difference between DNA and RNA
o DNA is double stranded, and RNA is generally single stranded
o DNA has deoxyribose as the sugar and RNA has ribose as the sugar
o Bases used in DNA consist of
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
o Bases in RNA consist of
Uracil (U)
Cytosine ©
Adenine (A)
