Introduction to Maternal and Pediatric Nursing Chapter Chapter 4 GRADE A+ GUARANTEED

What are the phases of pregnancy? antepartum (before birth) intrapartum (during birth) postpartum (after birth) What prenatal health history is obtained from the mother? obstetric Hx (# /outcome past pregnancies/problems) menstrual (frequency/duration/LNMP/spotting ?) contraceptive (type/taken while preg./IUD still present) medical/surgical (infections/Sx/pelvic trauma) mother/father family Hx (genetics/risk factors) mother/father health Hx (blood incapability/genetic) psychosocial(lifestyle/cultural practices) What is the Leopold's maneuver? assessing presentation and position of fetus What is the term for number of pregnancies regardless of duration? gravida "any pregancy" (including present pregnancy) What is the term for "never been pregnant"? nulligravida (not now not ever-been pregnant) What is the term for first pregnancy? primigravida (primi- = 1st/gravida=pregancy) What is the term for has been pregnant before regardless of duration? multigravida(multi=multiple-even if miscarriage/abortion/still born/duration doesn't matter) What is the term for a women who has given birth to one or more children who as reached viability? para (viability = 20 weeks gestation or more/# of babies/live/stillborn births does not matter)If gestation over 20 wks and gave birth=para What is the term for a woman who has given birth to her first child? primipara (given birth to 1st child-past viability=20 wks; live/stillborn births doesn't matter) What is the term for a women who has given birth to multiple children? multipara(given birth to 2 or more children-past viability= 20 wks; living or not) What is the term for a woman who has not given birth to a child who has reached viability? nullipara (never carried a pregnancy beyond 20 wks-viability) What is the prenatal age of the fetus as calculated by last menstrual cycle? gestational age (start from 1st day of LNMP) What is the prenatal age as calculated by the date of conception? fertilization age (2 weeks less then gestational -gestational age - 2 weeks=fertilization age) What is the age of viability? fetus that has reached stage of viability (20 weeks/capable of living outside uterus) How is EDD calculated? Nagele's rule: Identify LMP count backward 3 months add 7 days add year *if applicable (LMP-3 months+7 days +1 year *if needed) How long is each trimester? 13 weeks (3 trimesters) What is cholasma? Mask of pregnancy Hormone related - dark pigmentation that starts at the bridge of the nose and follows the cheek bones What is movement felt by the mother at 16-20 weeks? quickening What is the softening of the cervix? Goodwell's sign What is the purplish or bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva? Chadwick's sign What is the softening of the lower uterine segment? Hedgar's sign (softening of lower uterine leads to Mcdonald's sign) What is the ease of the body of the uterus to flex against the cervix? McDonald's sign What are Braxon Hicks contractions? irregular, painless uterine contractions that begin in the second trimester What are the positive signs of pregnancy? audible fetal heartbeat fetal movement felt by examiner fetus visual on ultrasound What is it called when the fetus descends into the pelvis? lightening What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? amenorrhea nausea breast tenderness deepening pigmentation urinary frequency quickening What are probable signs of pregnancy? Goodell's sign Chadwick's sign Hegar's sign Mcdonald's sign Abdominal enlargement Braxton hicks contractions Ballottement CONTINUED......