APHY 201 Lab exam 2
agglutination
Clumping of microorganisms or blood cells, typically due to an antigen-antibody interaction.
Means that the marker is present.
unoppette system
collects and dilutes the blood to perform a RBC count
hemocytometer
a grid that counts the RBC after they have been collected and diluted by the unoppette.
Tallquist test
stick your finger, put blood on paper, match blood color with the color scale paper.
uses a color hemoglobin scale to estimate the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
Grams of Hb per dL of blood. gm/dL
microhematocrit
a procedure for determining the ratio of the volume of packed red blood cells to the volume of whole
blood by centrifuging a minute quantity of blood in a capillary tube coated with heparin.
results are read directly below buffy coat
MCV= (Hemetocrit)(1000)/ RBC count
Calculate MCV (volume of RBC, norm: 90pL)
MCH= (Hb)(10)/ RBC count
Calculate MCH (average mass of Hb in one RBC, norm 30pg)
MCHC= Hb/Hematocrit
Calculate MCHC (measure of concentration of Hb in a RBC, norm: 33%)
microcytic
This word means a small RBC. MCV <90 pL
hypochromic
Pertaining to deficiency in color; decrease in hemoglobin in red blood cells. MCH <30 pg
macrocytic
abnormally large red blood cells. MCV > 90 pL
hyperchromic
high hemoglobin concentration. MCH > 30pg
iron deficiency anemia
, MCV < 90 pL, MCH < 30 pg, microcytic and hypochromic
pernicious anemia
MCV > 90 pL, MCH > 30 pg, macrocytic and hyperchromic
apparent hematocrit
what is read on the paper scale, microhematocrit test
correct=apparent (.96)
calculate corrected hematocrit
ml o2/dL= (gm Hb/dL)(1.34 mL o2/gm Hb)
calculate oxygen carrying capacity
pcf, prothrombin------->thrombin, fibrinogen-------->fibrin
stages in coagulation
fibrin
Protein that consists of long, sticky chains and helps produce blood clots, an insoluble protein.
lymphocytosis
Increase in number of lymphocytes
increase B lymphocytes:bacterial
increase T lymphocytes:viral
eosinophillia
increased with allergies, Ab-allergen form; remove immuno-complexes
antibody mediated response
B-lymphocytes, antibodies bond to antigens that then destroy infected cells (bacterial)
cell mediated response
The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend
against infected cells, cancer cells, and transplanted cells
AV valves slam shut (all valves are closed here) (SL valves then open )
1st heart sound "Lub", this is a part of systole
SL valves click shut (all vlaves are closed here) (AV valves then open)
2nd heart sound "Dub" this is a part of diastole
turbulence as the ventricles fill with blood
3rd heart sound, part of diastole
agglutination
Clumping of microorganisms or blood cells, typically due to an antigen-antibody interaction.
Means that the marker is present.
unoppette system
collects and dilutes the blood to perform a RBC count
hemocytometer
a grid that counts the RBC after they have been collected and diluted by the unoppette.
Tallquist test
stick your finger, put blood on paper, match blood color with the color scale paper.
uses a color hemoglobin scale to estimate the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
Grams of Hb per dL of blood. gm/dL
microhematocrit
a procedure for determining the ratio of the volume of packed red blood cells to the volume of whole
blood by centrifuging a minute quantity of blood in a capillary tube coated with heparin.
results are read directly below buffy coat
MCV= (Hemetocrit)(1000)/ RBC count
Calculate MCV (volume of RBC, norm: 90pL)
MCH= (Hb)(10)/ RBC count
Calculate MCH (average mass of Hb in one RBC, norm 30pg)
MCHC= Hb/Hematocrit
Calculate MCHC (measure of concentration of Hb in a RBC, norm: 33%)
microcytic
This word means a small RBC. MCV <90 pL
hypochromic
Pertaining to deficiency in color; decrease in hemoglobin in red blood cells. MCH <30 pg
macrocytic
abnormally large red blood cells. MCV > 90 pL
hyperchromic
high hemoglobin concentration. MCH > 30pg
iron deficiency anemia
, MCV < 90 pL, MCH < 30 pg, microcytic and hypochromic
pernicious anemia
MCV > 90 pL, MCH > 30 pg, macrocytic and hyperchromic
apparent hematocrit
what is read on the paper scale, microhematocrit test
correct=apparent (.96)
calculate corrected hematocrit
ml o2/dL= (gm Hb/dL)(1.34 mL o2/gm Hb)
calculate oxygen carrying capacity
pcf, prothrombin------->thrombin, fibrinogen-------->fibrin
stages in coagulation
fibrin
Protein that consists of long, sticky chains and helps produce blood clots, an insoluble protein.
lymphocytosis
Increase in number of lymphocytes
increase B lymphocytes:bacterial
increase T lymphocytes:viral
eosinophillia
increased with allergies, Ab-allergen form; remove immuno-complexes
antibody mediated response
B-lymphocytes, antibodies bond to antigens that then destroy infected cells (bacterial)
cell mediated response
The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend
against infected cells, cancer cells, and transplanted cells
AV valves slam shut (all valves are closed here) (SL valves then open )
1st heart sound "Lub", this is a part of systole
SL valves click shut (all vlaves are closed here) (AV valves then open)
2nd heart sound "Dub" this is a part of diastole
turbulence as the ventricles fill with blood
3rd heart sound, part of diastole
