HSC 404 Final Exam Questions And Answers
D
the degree of agreement among several trained experts refers to:
A. internal consistency
B. repeated measures
C. concurrent validity
D. inter-judge reliability
E. both a and c
B
a test that determines whether disease is actually present is a:
A. screening test
B. diagnostic test
C. reliability test
D. none of the above
B
researchers establish 50 unites as a cut point above which a test is considered positive and thereby
indicative of disease. the test manufacturers determine that the test's sensitivity is unacceptably low.
How can they improve the sensitivity of the test?
A. test each person's blood twice
B. lower the cut point below 50 units
C. raise the cut point above 50 units
D. they cannot improve this test and should begin work developing a new test
D
Drs. Poke and Jab conducted an employee health program that used 5 screening tests at the same
time to detect disease among workers. Which type of program is this?
A. selective screening
B. mass screening
C. ad hoc screening
D. multiphasic screening
D
lead time bias is best described as:
A. an apparently lower survival rate among persons screened compared to an unscreened group
B. an actually longer survival time for persons identified during a screening program because they
were given effective treatment
C. a similar survival time for persons identified during a screening program relative to persons who
are diagnosed by clinical symptoms
D. an apparently longer survival time among persons identified during a screening program because
they were identified at an earlier stage of their disease
B
When applied in a group of hospitalized patients diagnosed as having virus X infections, the test is
found to have a positive predictive value of 85%. When used to screen a group of healthy blood
donors for virus X infections, the test is found to have a positive predictive value of 30%. Which of the
following best explains this difference between the positive predictive values>
A. measurement error was introduced into the procedure
B. the prevalence of virus X infection is higher among the hospital patients than among blood donors
C. cases of virus X infection are more severe in the hospital
, D. lead time bias occurs among the blood donors
A
A person with an inapparent infection
A. can transmit the infection to others
B. is a danger to family members but not to others in the community
C. never develops antibodies
D. is of no epidemiologic importance
B
There has been a high rate of foot fungal diseased in New Orleans for decades. Foot fungal disease in
New Orleans is best described as:
A. epidemic
B. endemic
C. incident
D. pathogenic
D
"If people catch the Pox, they suddenly get the urge to dance in the sand and fall dead on the beach
within the hour." There are no survivors to interview so you deduce:
A. the incidence rate of the Pox must be high
B. prevalence of the pox must be high
C. infectivity of the pox must be high
D. case fatality of the pox must be high
E. all of the above
D
What factors comprise the epidemiologic triangle?
A. agent
B. host
C. environment
D. all of the above
E a and b only
A
someone suggests immunization as a means of reducing disease, specifically the feared UJ. What part
of the disease cycle is he or she trying to affect?
A. host
B. fomites
C. vector
D. vehicles
E. environment
C
researchers found that rabies was almost always fatal. this finding refers to;
A. toxigenicity
B. antigenicity
C. virulence
D. infectivity
D
the degree of agreement among several trained experts refers to:
A. internal consistency
B. repeated measures
C. concurrent validity
D. inter-judge reliability
E. both a and c
B
a test that determines whether disease is actually present is a:
A. screening test
B. diagnostic test
C. reliability test
D. none of the above
B
researchers establish 50 unites as a cut point above which a test is considered positive and thereby
indicative of disease. the test manufacturers determine that the test's sensitivity is unacceptably low.
How can they improve the sensitivity of the test?
A. test each person's blood twice
B. lower the cut point below 50 units
C. raise the cut point above 50 units
D. they cannot improve this test and should begin work developing a new test
D
Drs. Poke and Jab conducted an employee health program that used 5 screening tests at the same
time to detect disease among workers. Which type of program is this?
A. selective screening
B. mass screening
C. ad hoc screening
D. multiphasic screening
D
lead time bias is best described as:
A. an apparently lower survival rate among persons screened compared to an unscreened group
B. an actually longer survival time for persons identified during a screening program because they
were given effective treatment
C. a similar survival time for persons identified during a screening program relative to persons who
are diagnosed by clinical symptoms
D. an apparently longer survival time among persons identified during a screening program because
they were identified at an earlier stage of their disease
B
When applied in a group of hospitalized patients diagnosed as having virus X infections, the test is
found to have a positive predictive value of 85%. When used to screen a group of healthy blood
donors for virus X infections, the test is found to have a positive predictive value of 30%. Which of the
following best explains this difference between the positive predictive values>
A. measurement error was introduced into the procedure
B. the prevalence of virus X infection is higher among the hospital patients than among blood donors
C. cases of virus X infection are more severe in the hospital
, D. lead time bias occurs among the blood donors
A
A person with an inapparent infection
A. can transmit the infection to others
B. is a danger to family members but not to others in the community
C. never develops antibodies
D. is of no epidemiologic importance
B
There has been a high rate of foot fungal diseased in New Orleans for decades. Foot fungal disease in
New Orleans is best described as:
A. epidemic
B. endemic
C. incident
D. pathogenic
D
"If people catch the Pox, they suddenly get the urge to dance in the sand and fall dead on the beach
within the hour." There are no survivors to interview so you deduce:
A. the incidence rate of the Pox must be high
B. prevalence of the pox must be high
C. infectivity of the pox must be high
D. case fatality of the pox must be high
E. all of the above
D
What factors comprise the epidemiologic triangle?
A. agent
B. host
C. environment
D. all of the above
E a and b only
A
someone suggests immunization as a means of reducing disease, specifically the feared UJ. What part
of the disease cycle is he or she trying to affect?
A. host
B. fomites
C. vector
D. vehicles
E. environment
C
researchers found that rabies was almost always fatal. this finding refers to;
A. toxigenicity
B. antigenicity
C. virulence
D. infectivity
