CLC EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Example of Protection
State, local and national laws on breastfeeding in public Focuses on governmental,
manufacturer and social responsibility to assure breasting's ability to compete with
commercial interests.
Includes addressing improper marketing practices described in the International Code of
Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes.
The code prohibits the distribution of free formula (including discharge packs).
The Academy advises pediatricians not to provide formula, company gift bags, coupons
and industry-authored handouts to the parents of newborns in office and clinic settings.
-includes state, local and national laws regarding breastfeeding.
International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. (7)
Restricts formula marketing practices-
A variety of community expertise is needed to promote, protect and support
breastfeeding.
-No advertising of breast substitutes, teats or dummies to the public or promotion of
unsuitable products of babies
- No contact between company marketing personnel and mothers/parents
-no gifts or personal sample to health workers
-no free samples or supplies to mothers
-only scientific and factual information be provided by companies of health professionals
-All information on artificial feeding including labels, explain the before of
breastfeeding's and the costs and hazards of artificial formula
Example of Support
,Focuses on the interaction of helpers with family as well as program development and
implementation.
La Leche League Leader
Example of Promotion
Focuses on advantages of breastfeeding (BF) on a personal, community, state or global
level. -advertising-Breastfeeding costs less
Montgomery Glands (3)
-Tubercles produce a unique blend of milk and sebum (skin oil).-Secrete lubricating fluid
on areola-Small tuberculosis in the Areopagus of the breast that contain both
sebaceous and mammary lobes. These glands become more marked in pregnancy and
secrete a fluid that lubricates the nipple area.
Paracellular Pathway
(Elevated prolactin levels close it.)
In the first days after birth (and in mother with low prolactin levels). the milk cells have
spaced in between them for ___________ transport.
As prolactin levels increase and cells plump up the space between the cells shrink
closing off the _________ __________. Substances then have to go through the milk
cells to enter the milk . (this is called the transcellular pathway
transcellular pathway
transcellular pathway
As prolactin levels increase and cells plump up the space between the cells shrink
closing off the paracellular pathway. Substances then have to go through the milk cells
to enter the milk . (this is called the
Cochrane Collaboration
Conducts systematic reviews-Highest level of evidence: meta-analysis and systematic
reviews (such as Cochrane Collaboration and the Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence).
Lactiferous Sinus
Not actually there-Modern study of the structure of the breast reveals no lactiferous
sinus
Colostrum (3)
, -Newborn Milk-Produced by hormones of pregnancy
-The first milk, produced in the breasts by the 7th month of pregnancy.
-Thick, sticky and clear to yellowish in color, is high in protein and vitamin A; and causes
a laxative effect, thus helping the baby to pass meconium. Immunoglobulins (mostly
IgA) in colostrum provide an anti-infective protection to the baby.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) (3)
-GI hormone that causes fullness/sedation
-Gastrin and ______ promote glucose induced insulin release and exert tropic (growth
promoting) effects in the gut.
- induces satiety (fullness), postprandial sedation and sleep.
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)
No food or drink other than human milk.
-The feeding of mother's milk as an infant's only food source.
The WHO 2008 indicates babies included in this category may also be receiving oral
rehydration solution, vitamins and minerals, and/or other oral medications, but may not
receive any other foods or fluids.
mechanisms by which exclusive breastfeeding protects babies for diarrhea (5)
1. pH of the gut lower, meaning more acidic. By 6 weeks gut bacterial colonies
(microbiome) of mixed fed babies are similar to those of exclusively formula fed babies
2. low iron in the gut so unhelpful organisms cant multiply
3. presence of Bifidus factor promotes growth of friendly bacteria (lactobacillus Bifidus)
that maintains low gut ph and crowd out pathogenic organisms. Formula fed infants
have an overrepresentation of Clostridium difficile in their guts.
4. hormones and growth factors that stimulate the growth development, and motility of
the guts such as GI hormones, prolactin, epidermal growth factor, and prostaglandins
5. Antibodies such as Secretory IGA which bind to microbes in the digestive tract and
prevent them form being absorbed.
Hindmilk (3)
-The last part of a feeding.-The milk expressed from the breast toward the end of a
feed.-hindmilk is not always dramatically higher in fat
Myoepithelial cells (3)
SOLUTIONS
Example of Protection
State, local and national laws on breastfeeding in public Focuses on governmental,
manufacturer and social responsibility to assure breasting's ability to compete with
commercial interests.
Includes addressing improper marketing practices described in the International Code of
Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes.
The code prohibits the distribution of free formula (including discharge packs).
The Academy advises pediatricians not to provide formula, company gift bags, coupons
and industry-authored handouts to the parents of newborns in office and clinic settings.
-includes state, local and national laws regarding breastfeeding.
International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. (7)
Restricts formula marketing practices-
A variety of community expertise is needed to promote, protect and support
breastfeeding.
-No advertising of breast substitutes, teats or dummies to the public or promotion of
unsuitable products of babies
- No contact between company marketing personnel and mothers/parents
-no gifts or personal sample to health workers
-no free samples or supplies to mothers
-only scientific and factual information be provided by companies of health professionals
-All information on artificial feeding including labels, explain the before of
breastfeeding's and the costs and hazards of artificial formula
Example of Support
,Focuses on the interaction of helpers with family as well as program development and
implementation.
La Leche League Leader
Example of Promotion
Focuses on advantages of breastfeeding (BF) on a personal, community, state or global
level. -advertising-Breastfeeding costs less
Montgomery Glands (3)
-Tubercles produce a unique blend of milk and sebum (skin oil).-Secrete lubricating fluid
on areola-Small tuberculosis in the Areopagus of the breast that contain both
sebaceous and mammary lobes. These glands become more marked in pregnancy and
secrete a fluid that lubricates the nipple area.
Paracellular Pathway
(Elevated prolactin levels close it.)
In the first days after birth (and in mother with low prolactin levels). the milk cells have
spaced in between them for ___________ transport.
As prolactin levels increase and cells plump up the space between the cells shrink
closing off the _________ __________. Substances then have to go through the milk
cells to enter the milk . (this is called the transcellular pathway
transcellular pathway
transcellular pathway
As prolactin levels increase and cells plump up the space between the cells shrink
closing off the paracellular pathway. Substances then have to go through the milk cells
to enter the milk . (this is called the
Cochrane Collaboration
Conducts systematic reviews-Highest level of evidence: meta-analysis and systematic
reviews (such as Cochrane Collaboration and the Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence).
Lactiferous Sinus
Not actually there-Modern study of the structure of the breast reveals no lactiferous
sinus
Colostrum (3)
, -Newborn Milk-Produced by hormones of pregnancy
-The first milk, produced in the breasts by the 7th month of pregnancy.
-Thick, sticky and clear to yellowish in color, is high in protein and vitamin A; and causes
a laxative effect, thus helping the baby to pass meconium. Immunoglobulins (mostly
IgA) in colostrum provide an anti-infective protection to the baby.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) (3)
-GI hormone that causes fullness/sedation
-Gastrin and ______ promote glucose induced insulin release and exert tropic (growth
promoting) effects in the gut.
- induces satiety (fullness), postprandial sedation and sleep.
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)
No food or drink other than human milk.
-The feeding of mother's milk as an infant's only food source.
The WHO 2008 indicates babies included in this category may also be receiving oral
rehydration solution, vitamins and minerals, and/or other oral medications, but may not
receive any other foods or fluids.
mechanisms by which exclusive breastfeeding protects babies for diarrhea (5)
1. pH of the gut lower, meaning more acidic. By 6 weeks gut bacterial colonies
(microbiome) of mixed fed babies are similar to those of exclusively formula fed babies
2. low iron in the gut so unhelpful organisms cant multiply
3. presence of Bifidus factor promotes growth of friendly bacteria (lactobacillus Bifidus)
that maintains low gut ph and crowd out pathogenic organisms. Formula fed infants
have an overrepresentation of Clostridium difficile in their guts.
4. hormones and growth factors that stimulate the growth development, and motility of
the guts such as GI hormones, prolactin, epidermal growth factor, and prostaglandins
5. Antibodies such as Secretory IGA which bind to microbes in the digestive tract and
prevent them form being absorbed.
Hindmilk (3)
-The last part of a feeding.-The milk expressed from the breast toward the end of a
feed.-hindmilk is not always dramatically higher in fat
Myoepithelial cells (3)
