Shadow Health- Antihypertensives Concept Lab | FULLY SOLVED (PROFESSOR VERIFIED) | ALREADY GRADED A+

Shadow Health- Antihypertensives Concept Lab Blood pressure (BP) the force applied by circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels Systolic pressure the pressure against the walls when the hearts ventricles contract Diastolic pressure the pressure exerted when blood is replenished in the heart Normal BP Adults: around 120/80 mmHg When is BP highest when heart muscles contract When is BP lowest When heart muscles relax, allowing blood back into the heart Factors of Blood pressure 1) systemic blood volume 2) Cardiac output 3) peripheral resistance Blood volume the volume of the blood within the entire circulatory system Cardiac output the volume pumped out of the heart per minute Peripheral resistance the resistance blood meets as it flows through the blood vessels What is peripheral resistance determined by Primarily determined by: 1) size of blood vessels 2) vessels level of constriction/dilation Elevated BP Systolic between 120-129 and diastolic less than 80 Stage 1 hypertension 130-139/80-89 Stage 2 hypertension 140/90 How is hypertension treated? By addressing one or more of the three factors that govern BP 1) Systemic blood volume 2) cardiac output 3) peripheral resistance Reducing Blood Volume Volume of blood within CVS can vary due to ingestion and excretion of fluid and sodium. The renal system maintains fluid balance by regulating the filtration and reabsorption of solutes and water in the blood, as well as the same substances in urine n First-line drug for reducing blood volume Thiazide diuretics Thiazide diuretics: examples 1) chlorothiazide (Diuril) 2) chlorothalidone (Thalitone) 3) hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) Thiazide diuretics cost-effective, generally tolerated well, and are effective in treating mild to moderate hypertension by reducing blood volume Thiazide MOA Inhibit reabsorption in the DCT of the nephron Work by inhibiting the reabsorption of Na+ into the blood, and as water tends to follow sodium, its reabsorption is also limited. Water remaining in the filtrate will be excreted as urine. Before vs. after administration of Thiazide diuretics Before: in the DCT of the nephron, Na+ and water (and other molecules), are reabsorbed from the filtrate into the blood After: thiazide diuretics inhibit reabsorption of sodium ions (blocking Na+ pump), water reabsorption is also inhibited Thiazide Diuretics- Effects