Nutrition Final Exam
What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges?
Carbohydrate 45-65%, Fat 20-35%, Protein 10-35%
What are the essential nutrients?
Nutrients that the body cannot make; we must eat them
Kcal/g of protein?
4
Kcal/g of carbohydrates?
4
Kcal/g of fat?
9
What are the key recommendations of Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010?
Have healthy eating pattern that accounts for all foods and beverages within an appropriate calorie
level and limiting added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium intake as well as alcohol; exercise
What are the health habits of Seventh Day Adventists (slides—not in textbook)?
Vegetarianism; regular exercise; avoid alcohol, smoking, and caffeine
What are the 4 lipoproteins?
Chylomicrons, HDL, LDL, VLDL
What is the function of chylomicrons?
Carry lipids from intestinal cells to body
What is the function of HDLs?
Carry cholesterol from body to liver
What is the function of LDLs?
Carry cholesterol from liver to body
What is the function of VLDLs?
Carry triglycerides from liver to body
What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation?
Peristalsis is successive waves of involuntary muscle contractions along walls of GI tract that push
stuff along; segmentation is periodic squeezing of the intestine by its circular muscles that both mixes
and slowly pushes contents along
, What does insulin do?
Brings glucose from the bloodstream into cells
What does glucagon do?
Promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose and brings glucose from cells into bloodstream
What are the sources of soluble fibers?
Barley, legumes, fruits, oats, and veggies
What are the sources of insoluble fibers?
Fruits, veggies, and grain
What is the function of soluble fibers?
Lower risk of chronic diseases
What is the function of insoluble fibers?
Ease elimination
What are the health benefits of starch and dietary fibers?
Reduced risks of obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dental caries, GI disorders, and
malnutrition
What are some sources of omega-3 fatty acids?
Mediterranean diet and olive oil, fatty fish, flax seed, chia seed, nuts, oils (canola, walnut, flaxseed,
soybean), yeast
What are the effects of saturated and trans fats on LDLs?
Raise LDLs
What are the effects of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats on LDLs?
Lower LDLs
What are the top sources of saturated fats in US diet?
Grain-based desserts, pizza, regular cheese, and sausage, bacon, franks, and ribs
What oils do we recommend to patients for cooking?
Robust olive oil
Fats bring which important nutrients with them in the diet?
Fat-soluble vitamins and minerals (D, E, A, K)
What are complementary proteins?
Two or more proteins that together provide all the essential amino acids
What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges?
Carbohydrate 45-65%, Fat 20-35%, Protein 10-35%
What are the essential nutrients?
Nutrients that the body cannot make; we must eat them
Kcal/g of protein?
4
Kcal/g of carbohydrates?
4
Kcal/g of fat?
9
What are the key recommendations of Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010?
Have healthy eating pattern that accounts for all foods and beverages within an appropriate calorie
level and limiting added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium intake as well as alcohol; exercise
What are the health habits of Seventh Day Adventists (slides—not in textbook)?
Vegetarianism; regular exercise; avoid alcohol, smoking, and caffeine
What are the 4 lipoproteins?
Chylomicrons, HDL, LDL, VLDL
What is the function of chylomicrons?
Carry lipids from intestinal cells to body
What is the function of HDLs?
Carry cholesterol from body to liver
What is the function of LDLs?
Carry cholesterol from liver to body
What is the function of VLDLs?
Carry triglycerides from liver to body
What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation?
Peristalsis is successive waves of involuntary muscle contractions along walls of GI tract that push
stuff along; segmentation is periodic squeezing of the intestine by its circular muscles that both mixes
and slowly pushes contents along
, What does insulin do?
Brings glucose from the bloodstream into cells
What does glucagon do?
Promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose and brings glucose from cells into bloodstream
What are the sources of soluble fibers?
Barley, legumes, fruits, oats, and veggies
What are the sources of insoluble fibers?
Fruits, veggies, and grain
What is the function of soluble fibers?
Lower risk of chronic diseases
What is the function of insoluble fibers?
Ease elimination
What are the health benefits of starch and dietary fibers?
Reduced risks of obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dental caries, GI disorders, and
malnutrition
What are some sources of omega-3 fatty acids?
Mediterranean diet and olive oil, fatty fish, flax seed, chia seed, nuts, oils (canola, walnut, flaxseed,
soybean), yeast
What are the effects of saturated and trans fats on LDLs?
Raise LDLs
What are the effects of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats on LDLs?
Lower LDLs
What are the top sources of saturated fats in US diet?
Grain-based desserts, pizza, regular cheese, and sausage, bacon, franks, and ribs
What oils do we recommend to patients for cooking?
Robust olive oil
Fats bring which important nutrients with them in the diet?
Fat-soluble vitamins and minerals (D, E, A, K)
What are complementary proteins?
Two or more proteins that together provide all the essential amino acids
