PHIL 347 Midterm Exam Questions And Already Passed Answers Graded A+.

Moral realism - correct answer - there are both objective moral truths and objective moral fallacies Moral realism steps - correct answer (1) no statement is true/false except objective reality makes it so (2) there are true moral statements (3) so, moral statements are made true or false by objective reality Kant on moral realism - correct answer (1) it is rationally (morally necessary) to find perfect good, since happiness comes f. *complete virtue* (2) there is an obligation to attain what is *possible* to be attained (3) perfect good's goal is only possible if natural order/causality are parts of a greater moral order (4) moral order only possible if God is the source (5) so, there is a moral necessity to conclude God exists Euthyphro dilemma - correct answer - does God will the good because it is good? OR - is it good because God wills it? Good because it is good - correct answer - "the good" and "God" become indep. f. each other, so must be followed - problematic because "the good" itself is not divine Because God wills it - correct answer - makes "the good" contingent on God, whatever God commands is "good" - no room for intrinsic good Aquinas on the Euthyphro dilemma - correct answer - not a dilemma, because God and the good are the *same thing* - this is due to the Doctrine of Divine Simplicity: God is identical to his attributes Kant on God's moral criteria - correct answer - Abraham should have inferred he was *not* hearing the voice of God, but he was unable to since he thought morality becomes f. God Religion corrupts morality (Rachel) - correct answer - belief in God requires an attitude that is inappropriate to an autonomous moral agent Rachel's argument - correct answer (1) belief in God means an unqualified commitment to obey his command (2) to be a good moral agent means to act on principles that come autonomously f. proper moral behaviour that is valid (3) so, belief in God is in conflict w/ good moral agency Kraal on religion corrupting morality - correct answer - belief in God is not the same as belief in divine commands - rather, YOU autonomously decide to follow the commands Bible precepts showing religious corruption - correct answer - God favours some over others - not against slavery - capital crime - "redemption" criteria morally inept - keen on child abuse Strong evidentialism - correct answer - for any proposition (P), one is rational (morally entitled) in believing P only if it can be demonstrated Objections to strong evidentialism - correct answer (1) infinite regress - "why" chain