UNIT – I: INTRODUCTION TO CIM AND COMMUNICATION
Introduction to CIM, Evolution, Benefits, Computers in Manufacturing: Factory tasks for Computer
Integration, CIM Hardware and Software. Fundamentals of Communication: Representation of data,
Coding, Transmission, Medium, Types of Communication Lines and Hardware, Network Architectures.
INTRODUCTION TO CIM:
➢ Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) includes all of the engineering functions of CAD/CAM
and business functions that are related to manufacturing.
➢ CIM uses the database and communication technologies to integrate the design, manufacturing and
business functions.
CIM WHEEL:
• CIM wheel shows the components of a CIM system.
• Customer orders are initially entered by the company’s sales department.
• New products are designed on a CAD system.
• The bill of materials and assembly drawings are prepared by using CAD system.
• The output of the design department serves as the input to the manufacturing.
• Process planning, tool design and similar activities are accomplished to prepare for production.
• The output from the manufacturing engineering provides input to production planning and control
department.
• MRP and scheduling are performed using the computer system.
• Thus, all the activities from sales order to delivery of the product are performed using computer in
CIM.
1
, EVOLUTION OF CIM:
❖ Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is considered as a natural evolution of CAD/CAM.
❖ Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is credited for the development of both CAD and
CAM.
❖ In 1950s, MIT developed a NC part programming language called APT.
❖ The first NC machine was demonstrated at MIT in 1952.
❖ In 1960s, NC uses mini-computers. This development is called CNC.
❖ CNC technology led to the development of Co-ordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) which
automated inspection and robots.
❖ All these developments led to the evolution of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs) in 1980s.
❖ During 1980s, computer control was implemented in several areas of manufacturing. Yet the full
potential of computerization could not be obtained unless all the segments of manufacturing are
integrated.
❖ This realization led to the evolution of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM).
COMPUTERS IN MANUFACTURING:
➢ The earliest application of computer in manufacturing was in financial and administrative areas such
as payroll and general ledger, primarily because these are well-delineated, repetitive tasks best suited
for computers.
➢ In the early days, computers were used in small departments with no thought for integration.
➢ During the late 1970s, the period when CIM was just a concept, companies began to realize that
compartmentalizing computer use in manufacturing was the wrong way to go.
➢ During the punched card era of the 1950s and 1960s, the computer use in manufacturing was limited
to preparing job or order packets for material requisition, labour reporting and job tracking.
➢ In the 1970s, IBM introduced a Communication Oriented Production Inventory and Control System
(COPICS) in eight volumes for overall production and inventory control.
➢ COPICS was more than a software.
➢ It provided a detailed view of data flow in a manufacturing organization with an integrated system
consisting of sales forecasts, engineering design, inventory control, requirement planning, shop-floor
control and more.
➢ The development of software began in various functional areas, the main one being the Bills of
Materials Processor (BOMP) task.
➢ Thus, COPICS contained the “seeds” of CIM and contributed significantly for the development of
CIM.
➢ Computer vendors seized the opportunity by introducing their products in manufacturing.
➢ During this time, terms such as CNC, DNC and CAD/CAM were coined.
➢ Computer use spread to design and shop-floor automation.
➢ Today, almost everyone agrees that the right way to move forward is computerizing manufacturing.
➢ Thus, CIM needs a hierarchical arrangement of computers with varying capabilities.
2
Introduction to CIM, Evolution, Benefits, Computers in Manufacturing: Factory tasks for Computer
Integration, CIM Hardware and Software. Fundamentals of Communication: Representation of data,
Coding, Transmission, Medium, Types of Communication Lines and Hardware, Network Architectures.
INTRODUCTION TO CIM:
➢ Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) includes all of the engineering functions of CAD/CAM
and business functions that are related to manufacturing.
➢ CIM uses the database and communication technologies to integrate the design, manufacturing and
business functions.
CIM WHEEL:
• CIM wheel shows the components of a CIM system.
• Customer orders are initially entered by the company’s sales department.
• New products are designed on a CAD system.
• The bill of materials and assembly drawings are prepared by using CAD system.
• The output of the design department serves as the input to the manufacturing.
• Process planning, tool design and similar activities are accomplished to prepare for production.
• The output from the manufacturing engineering provides input to production planning and control
department.
• MRP and scheduling are performed using the computer system.
• Thus, all the activities from sales order to delivery of the product are performed using computer in
CIM.
1
, EVOLUTION OF CIM:
❖ Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is considered as a natural evolution of CAD/CAM.
❖ Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is credited for the development of both CAD and
CAM.
❖ In 1950s, MIT developed a NC part programming language called APT.
❖ The first NC machine was demonstrated at MIT in 1952.
❖ In 1960s, NC uses mini-computers. This development is called CNC.
❖ CNC technology led to the development of Co-ordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) which
automated inspection and robots.
❖ All these developments led to the evolution of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs) in 1980s.
❖ During 1980s, computer control was implemented in several areas of manufacturing. Yet the full
potential of computerization could not be obtained unless all the segments of manufacturing are
integrated.
❖ This realization led to the evolution of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM).
COMPUTERS IN MANUFACTURING:
➢ The earliest application of computer in manufacturing was in financial and administrative areas such
as payroll and general ledger, primarily because these are well-delineated, repetitive tasks best suited
for computers.
➢ In the early days, computers were used in small departments with no thought for integration.
➢ During the late 1970s, the period when CIM was just a concept, companies began to realize that
compartmentalizing computer use in manufacturing was the wrong way to go.
➢ During the punched card era of the 1950s and 1960s, the computer use in manufacturing was limited
to preparing job or order packets for material requisition, labour reporting and job tracking.
➢ In the 1970s, IBM introduced a Communication Oriented Production Inventory and Control System
(COPICS) in eight volumes for overall production and inventory control.
➢ COPICS was more than a software.
➢ It provided a detailed view of data flow in a manufacturing organization with an integrated system
consisting of sales forecasts, engineering design, inventory control, requirement planning, shop-floor
control and more.
➢ The development of software began in various functional areas, the main one being the Bills of
Materials Processor (BOMP) task.
➢ Thus, COPICS contained the “seeds” of CIM and contributed significantly for the development of
CIM.
➢ Computer vendors seized the opportunity by introducing their products in manufacturing.
➢ During this time, terms such as CNC, DNC and CAD/CAM were coined.
➢ Computer use spread to design and shop-floor automation.
➢ Today, almost everyone agrees that the right way to move forward is computerizing manufacturing.
➢ Thus, CIM needs a hierarchical arrangement of computers with varying capabilities.
2
