090 OAE Foundations Of Reading (Solved)
Advanced organizer
A method for preparing students to read by providing prereading activities or information
Analogies
Using a known word, letter or chunk to problem solve an unknonwn word in text. Example: A student
who knows hot to write "cat" and the letter "b" can use those to write "bat"
Anticipation Guide
These guides allow individuals to reflect on and express their opinions in relation to written
statements about what they are reading taht challenge or confrim their beliefs. When a student gives
an initial response they can disucss their response in small gorups. Then those gorups cna meet
togehter so that students can have te benefit of the collective background knowledge of the large
group
Author's Chair
This strategy provides a way to share with each other the excitement of a particular moment in
relation to a book or to their own writing. The student in the "Author's Chair" reads aloud a selected
piece of text or a piece of their own writing. Peers have an opportunity to respond to waht is read
aloud
Assessment
The ongoing gatehring of information about students
Auditory Discrimination
The ability to hear differences in sounds
Big Books
Large books used to familiarize children with print concepts and provide positive book experiences
Blending
Combining the sounds represented by letters to pronounce a word. Example C-R-A-C-K= crack
Book Talk
A strategy for discussing books, either before they read or after students read to get them to think
critically about waht they have read. Book talks can be lead by the librarian, the students or the
teacher
Choral Reading
This is an interactive reading of the text, often poetry or songs, by a group of voices. Students must
read a text repeatedly in order to decide how to prepare it for choral reading
Cloze Test
An informal technique for instruction or assessment in which students fill in omitted words from a
passage. A fill in the gap procedure used to restore omitted text by using cues
,Comprehension
The process of constructing meaning. Comprehension depends on reader's decoding abilities, prior
knowledge, cultural and social background and their ongoing comprehension monitoring strategies
Concepts about print
Knowledge of how books and text work
Context
The use of words surrounding an unknown word to determine the unknown words meaning
Cross-Checking
The strategy of checking one or more cue sources with another while reading to verify accuracy
Cueing Systems
These are three of the language systems on which readers rely for cues as they seek meaning from a
text:
Graphophonoic
based on letter-sound relationships and visual knowledge
Semantic
based on meaning
Syntactic
based on grammar
Cues
Sources of information in text-meaning, structure and visual
Daily News
A writing strategy in which the teacher models writing in front of students as she takes dictation from
them about a specific event they are describing. Then students and teacher "work the text" to
reinforce and practice skills they have learned or are learning. such as concepts about print, phonics
elements and rules, punctuation, etc
Decoding
Analyzing words by identifying sound units
Dialogue Journal
These journals are written dialouge between the journal "owner" and a selected "partner". The
partner responds to what has been written by the owner. It is important that responses deal with
what has been written adn not just the conventions of writing. Journal owner and partners can be
students, teachers, parents teachers, etc
,Direct Instruction
A strategy of teaching involving modeling, guided practice, and independent practice
Directed Listening Thinking Activity (DLTA)
A instructional and assessment strategy using listening, predicting, and confirming
Directionality
The left to right tracking of print while reading and the return sweep
Double Entry Journal
A note taking strategy to improve comprehension. This is a double entry record in which a student
takes notes and adds reflections while reading any text. A two column format is used. Typically, the
left column is used to record specific statements from a test taht are important to the reader in
understanding the text. The right column is used to record responses and reactions to those
statements
Echo Reading
This is a strategy in which a lead reader reads aloud a section of a text and a second reader's voice
follows right after (or echoes) that which was first read
Environmental Print
Any print which is found in the physical environment such as street signs, billboards, labels, business
signs, etc
Expository Text
A form of writing intended to set fourth or explain and which employs a wide variety of structures.
Enumeration
Listing the facts
Time Order
Puttin the facts or events into a sequence using references to time
Comparison/Contrast
Pointing out similarities and/or differences
Cause/ Effect
Showing how facts of events affect other facts or events
Problem/Solution
Showing the development of a problem and its solutions
Formal Tests
Assessments with very specific directions and conditions for testing typically standardized tests
, Frustration Level
The level as which the reader has difficulty with word recognition and comprehends with less that
70% accuracy
Genre
A term used to classify literary works into categories, such as novel, mystery, historical fiction,
biography, short story, poem, etc
Guided Reading Books
Test used for direct instruction of reading skills and strategies
`High Frequency Words
The words most commonly used in reading and writing. Examples: Can, See
Independent Level
The level at which the student can read and comprehend without the teacher
Informal Reading Inventory (IRI)
An informal assessment instrument in which a child reads from a graded passage and answers
comprehension questions to determine independent, instructional and frustration reading levels
Instructional Level
The reading level at which the student is challenged but not frustrated; some teacher assisstance is
needed
Intervention
The practice of coming between a student and possible failure to acquire literacy
Invented/ Temporary Spelling
Spelling using sound/symbol approximations
Levels of Spelling
Changes in spelling behaviors as student's knowledge of words, sound-symbol relationships and
spelling patterns increase
Little Books
Small books used for direct instruction during Guided Reading. These books, containing while stories,
vary in difficulty within developmental reading levels
Literature Circle
Students read a piece of literature and meet as a group to discuss it. The discussions are open ended
and focus on bringing the literature and reader together. The group can begin by discussing reactions
to the book, sharing favorite parts and raising questions about parts they did not understand or that
surprised them. At the end of each session, the gorup decides waht they want to talk about the next
Advanced organizer
A method for preparing students to read by providing prereading activities or information
Analogies
Using a known word, letter or chunk to problem solve an unknonwn word in text. Example: A student
who knows hot to write "cat" and the letter "b" can use those to write "bat"
Anticipation Guide
These guides allow individuals to reflect on and express their opinions in relation to written
statements about what they are reading taht challenge or confrim their beliefs. When a student gives
an initial response they can disucss their response in small gorups. Then those gorups cna meet
togehter so that students can have te benefit of the collective background knowledge of the large
group
Author's Chair
This strategy provides a way to share with each other the excitement of a particular moment in
relation to a book or to their own writing. The student in the "Author's Chair" reads aloud a selected
piece of text or a piece of their own writing. Peers have an opportunity to respond to waht is read
aloud
Assessment
The ongoing gatehring of information about students
Auditory Discrimination
The ability to hear differences in sounds
Big Books
Large books used to familiarize children with print concepts and provide positive book experiences
Blending
Combining the sounds represented by letters to pronounce a word. Example C-R-A-C-K= crack
Book Talk
A strategy for discussing books, either before they read or after students read to get them to think
critically about waht they have read. Book talks can be lead by the librarian, the students or the
teacher
Choral Reading
This is an interactive reading of the text, often poetry or songs, by a group of voices. Students must
read a text repeatedly in order to decide how to prepare it for choral reading
Cloze Test
An informal technique for instruction or assessment in which students fill in omitted words from a
passage. A fill in the gap procedure used to restore omitted text by using cues
,Comprehension
The process of constructing meaning. Comprehension depends on reader's decoding abilities, prior
knowledge, cultural and social background and their ongoing comprehension monitoring strategies
Concepts about print
Knowledge of how books and text work
Context
The use of words surrounding an unknown word to determine the unknown words meaning
Cross-Checking
The strategy of checking one or more cue sources with another while reading to verify accuracy
Cueing Systems
These are three of the language systems on which readers rely for cues as they seek meaning from a
text:
Graphophonoic
based on letter-sound relationships and visual knowledge
Semantic
based on meaning
Syntactic
based on grammar
Cues
Sources of information in text-meaning, structure and visual
Daily News
A writing strategy in which the teacher models writing in front of students as she takes dictation from
them about a specific event they are describing. Then students and teacher "work the text" to
reinforce and practice skills they have learned or are learning. such as concepts about print, phonics
elements and rules, punctuation, etc
Decoding
Analyzing words by identifying sound units
Dialogue Journal
These journals are written dialouge between the journal "owner" and a selected "partner". The
partner responds to what has been written by the owner. It is important that responses deal with
what has been written adn not just the conventions of writing. Journal owner and partners can be
students, teachers, parents teachers, etc
,Direct Instruction
A strategy of teaching involving modeling, guided practice, and independent practice
Directed Listening Thinking Activity (DLTA)
A instructional and assessment strategy using listening, predicting, and confirming
Directionality
The left to right tracking of print while reading and the return sweep
Double Entry Journal
A note taking strategy to improve comprehension. This is a double entry record in which a student
takes notes and adds reflections while reading any text. A two column format is used. Typically, the
left column is used to record specific statements from a test taht are important to the reader in
understanding the text. The right column is used to record responses and reactions to those
statements
Echo Reading
This is a strategy in which a lead reader reads aloud a section of a text and a second reader's voice
follows right after (or echoes) that which was first read
Environmental Print
Any print which is found in the physical environment such as street signs, billboards, labels, business
signs, etc
Expository Text
A form of writing intended to set fourth or explain and which employs a wide variety of structures.
Enumeration
Listing the facts
Time Order
Puttin the facts or events into a sequence using references to time
Comparison/Contrast
Pointing out similarities and/or differences
Cause/ Effect
Showing how facts of events affect other facts or events
Problem/Solution
Showing the development of a problem and its solutions
Formal Tests
Assessments with very specific directions and conditions for testing typically standardized tests
, Frustration Level
The level as which the reader has difficulty with word recognition and comprehends with less that
70% accuracy
Genre
A term used to classify literary works into categories, such as novel, mystery, historical fiction,
biography, short story, poem, etc
Guided Reading Books
Test used for direct instruction of reading skills and strategies
`High Frequency Words
The words most commonly used in reading and writing. Examples: Can, See
Independent Level
The level at which the student can read and comprehend without the teacher
Informal Reading Inventory (IRI)
An informal assessment instrument in which a child reads from a graded passage and answers
comprehension questions to determine independent, instructional and frustration reading levels
Instructional Level
The reading level at which the student is challenged but not frustrated; some teacher assisstance is
needed
Intervention
The practice of coming between a student and possible failure to acquire literacy
Invented/ Temporary Spelling
Spelling using sound/symbol approximations
Levels of Spelling
Changes in spelling behaviors as student's knowledge of words, sound-symbol relationships and
spelling patterns increase
Little Books
Small books used for direct instruction during Guided Reading. These books, containing while stories,
vary in difficulty within developmental reading levels
Literature Circle
Students read a piece of literature and meet as a group to discuss it. The discussions are open ended
and focus on bringing the literature and reader together. The group can begin by discussing reactions
to the book, sharing favorite parts and raising questions about parts they did not understand or that
surprised them. At the end of each session, the gorup decides waht they want to talk about the next
