Study Set Per The CRC Exam Prep Book
And Previous Study Guides Questions
And Answers.
The Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 -
\Provided Federal funding to states on a matching basis for vocational education
programs.
The Soldier's Rehabilitation Act of 1918 -
\Authorized VR services for WWI veterans
The Smith-Fess Act of 1920 -
\Expanded rehabilitation services to civilians
The Social Security Act of 1935 -
\Made the state-federal VR program permanent
The Randolph-Sheppard Act of 1936 -
\Authorized people with blindness to operate vending stands in federal buildings
(Specific example)
The Wagner-O'Day Act of 1938 -
\Required the federal government to purchase designated products produced by
persons with blindness in workshops
The Barden-LaFollette Act of 1943 -
\Expanded services to include people with mental disabilities. It also established the
state-federal program for individuals with blindness.
The Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1954 -
\Provided funding to universities to train master's level rehabilitation counselors resulting
in the professionalization of the rehabilitation counseling profession.
The Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1965 -
\Added extended evaluation of the vocational rehabilitation process
The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 19736 -
\Mandated services for people with severe disabilities; emphasized consumer
involvement by requiring the Individualized Written Rehabilitation Program; and
guaranteed employment rights of PWD. Section 501: affirmative action in Federal hiring;
502: Accessibility, 503: Affirmative action by Federal contract recipient; 504: Equal
opportunities
,The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1978 -
\Mandated the provision of independent living services
The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1984 -
\Mandated the establishment of the Client Assistance Programs
The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 198 -
\Added the provision of rehabilitation engineering services and established supported
employment as an acceptable goal for rehabilitation services.
The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1992 -
\Advanced the concepts of empowerment, self-determination and informed choice,
required state VR agencies to establish "qualified personnel" standards for rehabilitation
counselors; and mandated the development of the Comprehensive System of
Personnel Development to ensure the quality of personnel who provide VR services and
assist individuals with disabilities to achieve employment outcomes through the VR
program.
Other highlights include: presumption of ability, career-based job placement, improving
services to minority groups, client involvement, determining eligibility within 60 days,
order of selection, federal share 78.7%, Rehabilitation engineering, similar benefits
Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1998 -
\Replaced the IWRP with the IPE program to support the exercise of informed choice of
the individual in the selection of the IEP's employment outcome, specific services,
service providers, and methods to procure the services; provision of technical
assistance and consultation to individuals to pursue self-employment, telecommuting, or
small-business operation; and authorized to provide this service to facilitate the
transition of students with disabilities from school to post-school activities including
employment.
ADA of 1990 (3 prongs to the definition of disability) -
\1.) A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major
life activities of such individual
2.) A record of such impairment
3.) Or being regarded of having in impairment
Explanation:
o This act keeps the "3 prong" definition as stated above, however, they are now
expanding on a broader interpretation of the defined version of "major life activities" by
including "functions of the immune system, normal cell growth, digestive, bowel,
bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive
functions." --> ex. Someone diagnosed with cancer is now diagnosed under the ADAAA
o The "regarded as" prong in the definition is now subjecting employees to no longer
prove they have a substantial limit in a major life activity. Now, they have extended it to
whether a CURRENT employee was subject to an action of an employer that is
, prohibited under the ADA --> example: not being hired due to a condition that is not
minor or temporary in nature. These individuals covered under this prong also are not
entitled to reasonable accommodation services.
Title 1 of ADA -
\Prohibition of Discrimination in Employment Practices: private lawsuits charging
employment discrimination (EEOC). *The ADA does not obligate employers to hire
employees who cannot perform essential functions of the job. The duty of an employer
is to provide REASONABLE ACCOMMODATIONS limited by the doctrine of "UNDUE
HARDSHIP."
Title II of ADA -
\Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in State and Local Government Services:
Subtitle A--> Extension of Section 504; stresses that PWD must have equal
opportunities to access the services and benefits of public entities (ex. providing an
interpreter for a deaf person at a city council meeting.) This means providing reasonable
modifications in their policies, practices, or procedures to avoid discrimination. Subtitle
B--> requires that any new buses, purchased or leased by a public transit system for
use on a fixed route, be accessible to PWD. *Paratransit and other special
transportation services are only required to the extent that such services are only
required to the extent that such provision does not create an undue financial burden.
Title III of ADA -
\Nondiscrimination in Public Accommodations and Commercial Facilities: covers private
entities that are places of public accommodation, commercial facilities, as well as
private entities offering "examination and courses related to applications, licensing,
certification or credentials for secondary or post-secondary education, professional, or
trade purposes. Also prohibits discrimination of PWD from having full and equal
enjoyment of entities such as hotels, restaurants, theaters, bowling alleys, etc.
Title IV of ADA -
\Increased Access to Telecommunications: Deaf persons can now call on an operator
for assistance in relaying the communication to a third party who uses a conventional
phone.
Title V of ADA -
\Misc. Provisions: prohibits retaliation and coercion against an individual who has
opposed an act or practice made unlawful by the ADA.
Workforce Investment Act of 1988 -
\o Continuation of the Rehabilitation Act--> coordinates most federally funded
employment and training services, including those in Title V of the Rehabilitation Act
(equal access to employment and to the benefits of federally supported programs) into a
comprehensive system.
o Anyone who demonstrates a physical, mental or learning disability that creates a
substantial impediment to his or her ability to work is eligible for WIA services (i.e.
And Previous Study Guides Questions
And Answers.
The Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 -
\Provided Federal funding to states on a matching basis for vocational education
programs.
The Soldier's Rehabilitation Act of 1918 -
\Authorized VR services for WWI veterans
The Smith-Fess Act of 1920 -
\Expanded rehabilitation services to civilians
The Social Security Act of 1935 -
\Made the state-federal VR program permanent
The Randolph-Sheppard Act of 1936 -
\Authorized people with blindness to operate vending stands in federal buildings
(Specific example)
The Wagner-O'Day Act of 1938 -
\Required the federal government to purchase designated products produced by
persons with blindness in workshops
The Barden-LaFollette Act of 1943 -
\Expanded services to include people with mental disabilities. It also established the
state-federal program for individuals with blindness.
The Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1954 -
\Provided funding to universities to train master's level rehabilitation counselors resulting
in the professionalization of the rehabilitation counseling profession.
The Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1965 -
\Added extended evaluation of the vocational rehabilitation process
The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 19736 -
\Mandated services for people with severe disabilities; emphasized consumer
involvement by requiring the Individualized Written Rehabilitation Program; and
guaranteed employment rights of PWD. Section 501: affirmative action in Federal hiring;
502: Accessibility, 503: Affirmative action by Federal contract recipient; 504: Equal
opportunities
,The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1978 -
\Mandated the provision of independent living services
The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1984 -
\Mandated the establishment of the Client Assistance Programs
The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 198 -
\Added the provision of rehabilitation engineering services and established supported
employment as an acceptable goal for rehabilitation services.
The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1992 -
\Advanced the concepts of empowerment, self-determination and informed choice,
required state VR agencies to establish "qualified personnel" standards for rehabilitation
counselors; and mandated the development of the Comprehensive System of
Personnel Development to ensure the quality of personnel who provide VR services and
assist individuals with disabilities to achieve employment outcomes through the VR
program.
Other highlights include: presumption of ability, career-based job placement, improving
services to minority groups, client involvement, determining eligibility within 60 days,
order of selection, federal share 78.7%, Rehabilitation engineering, similar benefits
Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1998 -
\Replaced the IWRP with the IPE program to support the exercise of informed choice of
the individual in the selection of the IEP's employment outcome, specific services,
service providers, and methods to procure the services; provision of technical
assistance and consultation to individuals to pursue self-employment, telecommuting, or
small-business operation; and authorized to provide this service to facilitate the
transition of students with disabilities from school to post-school activities including
employment.
ADA of 1990 (3 prongs to the definition of disability) -
\1.) A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major
life activities of such individual
2.) A record of such impairment
3.) Or being regarded of having in impairment
Explanation:
o This act keeps the "3 prong" definition as stated above, however, they are now
expanding on a broader interpretation of the defined version of "major life activities" by
including "functions of the immune system, normal cell growth, digestive, bowel,
bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive
functions." --> ex. Someone diagnosed with cancer is now diagnosed under the ADAAA
o The "regarded as" prong in the definition is now subjecting employees to no longer
prove they have a substantial limit in a major life activity. Now, they have extended it to
whether a CURRENT employee was subject to an action of an employer that is
, prohibited under the ADA --> example: not being hired due to a condition that is not
minor or temporary in nature. These individuals covered under this prong also are not
entitled to reasonable accommodation services.
Title 1 of ADA -
\Prohibition of Discrimination in Employment Practices: private lawsuits charging
employment discrimination (EEOC). *The ADA does not obligate employers to hire
employees who cannot perform essential functions of the job. The duty of an employer
is to provide REASONABLE ACCOMMODATIONS limited by the doctrine of "UNDUE
HARDSHIP."
Title II of ADA -
\Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in State and Local Government Services:
Subtitle A--> Extension of Section 504; stresses that PWD must have equal
opportunities to access the services and benefits of public entities (ex. providing an
interpreter for a deaf person at a city council meeting.) This means providing reasonable
modifications in their policies, practices, or procedures to avoid discrimination. Subtitle
B--> requires that any new buses, purchased or leased by a public transit system for
use on a fixed route, be accessible to PWD. *Paratransit and other special
transportation services are only required to the extent that such services are only
required to the extent that such provision does not create an undue financial burden.
Title III of ADA -
\Nondiscrimination in Public Accommodations and Commercial Facilities: covers private
entities that are places of public accommodation, commercial facilities, as well as
private entities offering "examination and courses related to applications, licensing,
certification or credentials for secondary or post-secondary education, professional, or
trade purposes. Also prohibits discrimination of PWD from having full and equal
enjoyment of entities such as hotels, restaurants, theaters, bowling alleys, etc.
Title IV of ADA -
\Increased Access to Telecommunications: Deaf persons can now call on an operator
for assistance in relaying the communication to a third party who uses a conventional
phone.
Title V of ADA -
\Misc. Provisions: prohibits retaliation and coercion against an individual who has
opposed an act or practice made unlawful by the ADA.
Workforce Investment Act of 1988 -
\o Continuation of the Rehabilitation Act--> coordinates most federally funded
employment and training services, including those in Title V of the Rehabilitation Act
(equal access to employment and to the benefits of federally supported programs) into a
comprehensive system.
o Anyone who demonstrates a physical, mental or learning disability that creates a
substantial impediment to his or her ability to work is eligible for WIA services (i.e.
