ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM #1 LATEST
UPDATE WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS {GRADED A+}
Psychological Disorders - ✔✔A clinically significant behavioral or
psychological syndrome or patterns. This definition includes a
number of key features, including distress, disability or impaired
functioning, violation of social norms, and dysfunction.
Psychopathology - ✔✔The field concerned with the nature and
development of psychological disorders.
Stigma - ✔✔The pernicious beliefs and attitudes held by a
society about groups considered deviant in some manner, such
as people with mental illness.
Four Characteristics of Stigma - ✔✔1. A label is applied to a
group of people that distinguishes them from others (e.g. "crazy").
,2. The label is linked to deviant or undesirable attributes by
society (e.g. crazy people are dangerous).
3. People with the label are seen as essentially different from
those without the label, contributing to an "us" versus "them"
mentality (e.g. we are not like those crazy people).
4. People with the label are discriminated against unfairly (e.g. a
clinic for crazy people cannot be built in our neighborhood).
Exorcism - ✔✔The casting out of evil spirits by ritualistic chanting
or torture.
Asylums - ✔✔Refuges established in western Europe in the
fifteenth century to confine and provide for the mentally ill;
forerunners of the mental hospital.
Moral Treatment - ✔✔A therapeutic regimen, introduced by
Philippe Pinel during the French Revolution, whereby mentally ill
patients were released from their restraints and were treated with
,compassion and dignity rather than with contempt and
denigration.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) - ✔✔A treatment that produces
a convulsion by passing electric current through the brain; despite
public concerns about this treatment, it can be useful in alleviating
profound depression.
Originated by two Italian physicians, Ugo Cerletti and Lucino Bini.
Cathartic Method - ✔✔A therapeutic procedure to relieve
emotional suffering introduced by Breuer and developed further
by Freud in the late nineteenth century, whereby a patient recalls
and relives an earlier emotional catastrophe and reexperiences
the tension and unhappiness.
Psychoanalytic Theory - ✔✔Theory originating with Freud that
psychopathology results from unconscious conflicts in the
individual.
, Unconscious - ✔✔A state of unawareness without sensation or
thought; in psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality, in
particular the id impulses or energy, of which the ego is unaware.
Id - ✔✔In psychoanalytic theory, that part of the personality
present at birth comprising all the energy of the psyche and
expressed as biological urges that strive continually for
gratification.
Ego - ✔✔In psychoanalytic theory, the predominantly conscious
part of the personality, responsible for decision making and for
dealing with reality.
Superego - ✔✔In psychoanalytic theory, the part of the
personality that acts as the conscience and reflects society's
moral standards as learned from parents and teachers.
Defense Mechanisms - ✔✔In psychoanalytic theory, reality-
distorting strategies unconsciously adopted to protect the ego
from anxiety.
UPDATE WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS {GRADED A+}
Psychological Disorders - ✔✔A clinically significant behavioral or
psychological syndrome or patterns. This definition includes a
number of key features, including distress, disability or impaired
functioning, violation of social norms, and dysfunction.
Psychopathology - ✔✔The field concerned with the nature and
development of psychological disorders.
Stigma - ✔✔The pernicious beliefs and attitudes held by a
society about groups considered deviant in some manner, such
as people with mental illness.
Four Characteristics of Stigma - ✔✔1. A label is applied to a
group of people that distinguishes them from others (e.g. "crazy").
,2. The label is linked to deviant or undesirable attributes by
society (e.g. crazy people are dangerous).
3. People with the label are seen as essentially different from
those without the label, contributing to an "us" versus "them"
mentality (e.g. we are not like those crazy people).
4. People with the label are discriminated against unfairly (e.g. a
clinic for crazy people cannot be built in our neighborhood).
Exorcism - ✔✔The casting out of evil spirits by ritualistic chanting
or torture.
Asylums - ✔✔Refuges established in western Europe in the
fifteenth century to confine and provide for the mentally ill;
forerunners of the mental hospital.
Moral Treatment - ✔✔A therapeutic regimen, introduced by
Philippe Pinel during the French Revolution, whereby mentally ill
patients were released from their restraints and were treated with
,compassion and dignity rather than with contempt and
denigration.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) - ✔✔A treatment that produces
a convulsion by passing electric current through the brain; despite
public concerns about this treatment, it can be useful in alleviating
profound depression.
Originated by two Italian physicians, Ugo Cerletti and Lucino Bini.
Cathartic Method - ✔✔A therapeutic procedure to relieve
emotional suffering introduced by Breuer and developed further
by Freud in the late nineteenth century, whereby a patient recalls
and relives an earlier emotional catastrophe and reexperiences
the tension and unhappiness.
Psychoanalytic Theory - ✔✔Theory originating with Freud that
psychopathology results from unconscious conflicts in the
individual.
, Unconscious - ✔✔A state of unawareness without sensation or
thought; in psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality, in
particular the id impulses or energy, of which the ego is unaware.
Id - ✔✔In psychoanalytic theory, that part of the personality
present at birth comprising all the energy of the psyche and
expressed as biological urges that strive continually for
gratification.
Ego - ✔✔In psychoanalytic theory, the predominantly conscious
part of the personality, responsible for decision making and for
dealing with reality.
Superego - ✔✔In psychoanalytic theory, the part of the
personality that acts as the conscience and reflects society's
moral standards as learned from parents and teachers.
Defense Mechanisms - ✔✔In psychoanalytic theory, reality-
distorting strategies unconsciously adopted to protect the ego
from anxiety.
