USATF LEVEL 2 EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED 2024
Adaptations in the Aerobic System
Changes in the:
1. Cardiovascular System (heart size, stroke volume, resting/steady heart rate)
2. Muscular System (slow twitch fibers, oxidative FT, increase in mitochondria)
3. Aerobic Metabolism
VO2 Max
highest rate of oxygen utilization during maximal exercise
Shift in Energy Source (fuel) from Aerobic to Anaerobic
Shift from Fatty Acids to Glycogen
Define Cardiovascular adaptations
Bigger left ventricle, decrease resting HR, Increased Stroke Volume, Increased Cardiac
output, increased blood flow, increased blood volume & composition
Cardiac output
HR X Stroke volume= Cardiac output
Define muscular adaptations
oxidative FT muscle fiber enhanced, ST enhanced, increased capillarization, increased
mitochondria, increased oxygen extraction
Aerobic alactic systems and adaptations
CP stores increase, increase supply of CPK and activity, muscle fiber recruitment and
efficiency of FT,
Anaerobic enzymes and what they do
Creatine kinase- enzyme that breaks off phosphate, allowing ATP to be reformed
Phosphofructokinase (rate limiting enzyme that enhances Glycolysis, the breakdown of
Glucose to Pyruvic Acid), Phosphorylase (enhances conversion of glycogen), and
Lactate Dehydrogenase (enzyme that enhances the reversible conversion of pyruvate
to lactate). Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
Law of overload, reversibility and specificity
VERIFIED 2024
Adaptations in the Aerobic System
Changes in the:
1. Cardiovascular System (heart size, stroke volume, resting/steady heart rate)
2. Muscular System (slow twitch fibers, oxidative FT, increase in mitochondria)
3. Aerobic Metabolism
VO2 Max
highest rate of oxygen utilization during maximal exercise
Shift in Energy Source (fuel) from Aerobic to Anaerobic
Shift from Fatty Acids to Glycogen
Define Cardiovascular adaptations
Bigger left ventricle, decrease resting HR, Increased Stroke Volume, Increased Cardiac
output, increased blood flow, increased blood volume & composition
Cardiac output
HR X Stroke volume= Cardiac output
Define muscular adaptations
oxidative FT muscle fiber enhanced, ST enhanced, increased capillarization, increased
mitochondria, increased oxygen extraction
Aerobic alactic systems and adaptations
CP stores increase, increase supply of CPK and activity, muscle fiber recruitment and
efficiency of FT,
Anaerobic enzymes and what they do
Creatine kinase- enzyme that breaks off phosphate, allowing ATP to be reformed
Phosphofructokinase (rate limiting enzyme that enhances Glycolysis, the breakdown of
Glucose to Pyruvic Acid), Phosphorylase (enhances conversion of glycogen), and
Lactate Dehydrogenase (enzyme that enhances the reversible conversion of pyruvate
to lactate). Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
Law of overload, reversibility and specificity
