IC&RC Study Guide Questions And
Answers.
CAGE -
\• The briefest and most widely used.
• Only four questions asked directly to the person.
• If someone answers yes to one of the questions then there is an indicator that their
might be a problem that needs to be further investigated.
• If they answer yes to two or more they are sent for further testing.
• Advantages-yes or no questions
• Disadvantages-not asking about time frame, self report, not in depth about
environment, not in depth
MAST -
\• Widely used
• Good reliability and validity
• Original had 25 self administered questions the one now has only 22.
• Advantages-it could be a reality check to someone taking it, not very time consuming,
simple yes and no
• Disadvantage-it doesn't ask you to explain, doesn't ask time frame
AUDIT -
\• Ten items 1-3 frequency and quantity 4-6 alcohol dependence 7-10 how harmful
alcohol use.
• Advantages-you can use it in an interview, it's not that long, it's more specific
• Disadvantage-not specific enough, doesn't add in the times when drinking is more
acceptable like vacation etc., not valid
• Can be self report questionnaire or an interview
DAST -
\Screen drugs other than alcohol
POSIT -
\139 items on it
Used for substance use problems and social, behavioral, and learning problems
Disadvantages-too long, repetitious, lack of consistency
Advantages-more detailed
SASSI -
\• Doesn't directly question about alcohol/drug use (not like the previous ones)
• Around 50 questions
• Asks questions about alcohol/drug use on one side and don't on the other
• Looking for defensiveness, looking at others, personal affect
,• Disadvantages-could be hard to profile
DSM Axises -
\o Axis I-Clinical syndromes
• Alcohol abuse, cannabis dependency
o Axis II-Personality disorders/mental retardation
• Not used very often in alcohol or chemical use
o Axis III-Medical Conditions
• Psuerosis of the liver
o Axis IV-Psychosocial/environmental stressors
• Losing kids because of substance abuse, lacks good social support system
o Axis V-Global assessment of functioning
• 0-100 how the person is functioning overall
Narcotics possible effects -
\Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea
Narcotics effects of OD -
\Slow/shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, and possible death
Narcotics withdrawal syndrome -
\Water eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps,
nausea, chills, sweating.
Narcotics -
\Heroin, Morphine, Hydrocodone, Hydro-morphone, Oxycodone, Codeine
Depressants -
\Hydroxybutyric Acid, gamma, Benzodiazepines etc.
Depressant effects -
\slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of alc., imparired
membory of events, interacts with alc.
Depressant overdose -
\shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, coma, and
possible death.
Depressant withdrawal -
\Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions, possible death.
Stimulants -
\Cocaine half life=one hour, Amphetamine=6-12 hours, Methylphenidate=2 hours
Stimulant effects -
,\Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse rate, increased blood
pressure, insomnia, and loss of appetite, dialated pupils.
Stimulant OD -
\Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations, convulsions, and possible death
Stimulant withdrawal -
\Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression (possible with suicidal potential),
and disorientation, increased appetite, anhedonia (absence of pleasure) and craving.
Hallucinogens -
\MDMA and Analogs, LSD, Phencyclidine,
Hallucinogen signs and symptoms -
\Increased reflexes, tremors, weakness, flushing and chills, seizures, inappropriate
mood, elation, hallucinations, bizarre behafvior, diorientation, confusion, delusions, and
impaired judgement.
Hallucinogen OD -
\Increased body temp, electorlyte imbalance, cardiac arrest, unable to direct movement,
feel pain, or remember.
Hallucinogen withdrawal -
\Muscle aches, drowsiness, depression, acne, and drug seeking behavior.
Cannabis effects -
\Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetitie, disorientation,
Cannabis problems -
\impairment of ability to learn. Medical effects wth prolonged use include respiratory
problems, possible impaired immune function and possible reproductive problems
includinglow birth weight infants.
Cannabis withdrawal -
\Rare. Appear limited to some heavy users. Possible irritability, restlessness, craving,
loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, muscle twitching, overt aggression and depression.
Anabolic Steroids effects -
\Virilization, edema, testicular atrophy, gyneco-mastia, acne aggressive behavior
Anabolic Steroids withdrawal -
\Possible depression
Inhalants effects -
\flushing, hypotension, headache, cardiac depressants leading to "sudden sniffing
death.
, Inhalants signs and symptoms -
\possible asphyxiation and frostbite of nose, lips, or larynx if inhaled from a tank, loss of
motor control, nausea, ataxia, muscle weakness, dysarthia, nystagmus, diminished
reflexes.
Inhalants withdrawal -
\Agitation -pyschological but no known physical symptoms
Alcohol common problems -
\Tolorance, Dependence, Depression, neurologic deficits, hypertension, liver and heart
disease.
Alcohol OD -
\Vomiting, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness, possible death.
Alcohol Withdrawal -
\Trembling, autonomic hyperactivity, Anxiety, insomnia, vitamin deficiency, confusion,
hallucination, and convulsions.
Alcohol acute effects -
\low doses: eupohoria, mild stimulation, relaxation, and lowered inhibitions. high doses:
drowsiness, slurred speech, nausea, emotional volatility, loss of coordination, visual
dostortions, impaired memory, sexual dysfunctions, loss of consciousness/increased
risk or injuries, violence, fetal damage.
Sedative Hypnotics desired effects -
\Similar to alcohol. Reduction of anxity; possible elation, secondary to decrease
alertness and judgment.
Sedative Hypnotics acute effects -
\Sedation, impaired judgement, impaired operation of vehicles, respiratory and cardiac
depression with overdose (much less likely with benzoidiazepines alone).
Sedative Hypnotics interaction with alcohol -
\Potentiation of effects, especially respiratory depression, Some degree of cross
tolorance.
Sedative Hypnotics common problems -
\Tolerance, dependence, addiction, elderly falls, respiratory dpression
Sedative Hypnotics withdrawal -
\Similar to alcoho, but may have slower onset. Severity and time of onset vary wtih half
life of drug. Mild: anxiety, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, hpertention,
tachycardia, agitation, tremors, sensory, hypersensitivity, dizziness, confusion, fatigue.
Severe: Autonomic hyperactivity, vital sign instability, elevated temp, delusions,
Answers.
CAGE -
\• The briefest and most widely used.
• Only four questions asked directly to the person.
• If someone answers yes to one of the questions then there is an indicator that their
might be a problem that needs to be further investigated.
• If they answer yes to two or more they are sent for further testing.
• Advantages-yes or no questions
• Disadvantages-not asking about time frame, self report, not in depth about
environment, not in depth
MAST -
\• Widely used
• Good reliability and validity
• Original had 25 self administered questions the one now has only 22.
• Advantages-it could be a reality check to someone taking it, not very time consuming,
simple yes and no
• Disadvantage-it doesn't ask you to explain, doesn't ask time frame
AUDIT -
\• Ten items 1-3 frequency and quantity 4-6 alcohol dependence 7-10 how harmful
alcohol use.
• Advantages-you can use it in an interview, it's not that long, it's more specific
• Disadvantage-not specific enough, doesn't add in the times when drinking is more
acceptable like vacation etc., not valid
• Can be self report questionnaire or an interview
DAST -
\Screen drugs other than alcohol
POSIT -
\139 items on it
Used for substance use problems and social, behavioral, and learning problems
Disadvantages-too long, repetitious, lack of consistency
Advantages-more detailed
SASSI -
\• Doesn't directly question about alcohol/drug use (not like the previous ones)
• Around 50 questions
• Asks questions about alcohol/drug use on one side and don't on the other
• Looking for defensiveness, looking at others, personal affect
,• Disadvantages-could be hard to profile
DSM Axises -
\o Axis I-Clinical syndromes
• Alcohol abuse, cannabis dependency
o Axis II-Personality disorders/mental retardation
• Not used very often in alcohol or chemical use
o Axis III-Medical Conditions
• Psuerosis of the liver
o Axis IV-Psychosocial/environmental stressors
• Losing kids because of substance abuse, lacks good social support system
o Axis V-Global assessment of functioning
• 0-100 how the person is functioning overall
Narcotics possible effects -
\Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea
Narcotics effects of OD -
\Slow/shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, and possible death
Narcotics withdrawal syndrome -
\Water eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps,
nausea, chills, sweating.
Narcotics -
\Heroin, Morphine, Hydrocodone, Hydro-morphone, Oxycodone, Codeine
Depressants -
\Hydroxybutyric Acid, gamma, Benzodiazepines etc.
Depressant effects -
\slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of alc., imparired
membory of events, interacts with alc.
Depressant overdose -
\shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, coma, and
possible death.
Depressant withdrawal -
\Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions, possible death.
Stimulants -
\Cocaine half life=one hour, Amphetamine=6-12 hours, Methylphenidate=2 hours
Stimulant effects -
,\Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse rate, increased blood
pressure, insomnia, and loss of appetite, dialated pupils.
Stimulant OD -
\Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations, convulsions, and possible death
Stimulant withdrawal -
\Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression (possible with suicidal potential),
and disorientation, increased appetite, anhedonia (absence of pleasure) and craving.
Hallucinogens -
\MDMA and Analogs, LSD, Phencyclidine,
Hallucinogen signs and symptoms -
\Increased reflexes, tremors, weakness, flushing and chills, seizures, inappropriate
mood, elation, hallucinations, bizarre behafvior, diorientation, confusion, delusions, and
impaired judgement.
Hallucinogen OD -
\Increased body temp, electorlyte imbalance, cardiac arrest, unable to direct movement,
feel pain, or remember.
Hallucinogen withdrawal -
\Muscle aches, drowsiness, depression, acne, and drug seeking behavior.
Cannabis effects -
\Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetitie, disorientation,
Cannabis problems -
\impairment of ability to learn. Medical effects wth prolonged use include respiratory
problems, possible impaired immune function and possible reproductive problems
includinglow birth weight infants.
Cannabis withdrawal -
\Rare. Appear limited to some heavy users. Possible irritability, restlessness, craving,
loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, muscle twitching, overt aggression and depression.
Anabolic Steroids effects -
\Virilization, edema, testicular atrophy, gyneco-mastia, acne aggressive behavior
Anabolic Steroids withdrawal -
\Possible depression
Inhalants effects -
\flushing, hypotension, headache, cardiac depressants leading to "sudden sniffing
death.
, Inhalants signs and symptoms -
\possible asphyxiation and frostbite of nose, lips, or larynx if inhaled from a tank, loss of
motor control, nausea, ataxia, muscle weakness, dysarthia, nystagmus, diminished
reflexes.
Inhalants withdrawal -
\Agitation -pyschological but no known physical symptoms
Alcohol common problems -
\Tolorance, Dependence, Depression, neurologic deficits, hypertension, liver and heart
disease.
Alcohol OD -
\Vomiting, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness, possible death.
Alcohol Withdrawal -
\Trembling, autonomic hyperactivity, Anxiety, insomnia, vitamin deficiency, confusion,
hallucination, and convulsions.
Alcohol acute effects -
\low doses: eupohoria, mild stimulation, relaxation, and lowered inhibitions. high doses:
drowsiness, slurred speech, nausea, emotional volatility, loss of coordination, visual
dostortions, impaired memory, sexual dysfunctions, loss of consciousness/increased
risk or injuries, violence, fetal damage.
Sedative Hypnotics desired effects -
\Similar to alcohol. Reduction of anxity; possible elation, secondary to decrease
alertness and judgment.
Sedative Hypnotics acute effects -
\Sedation, impaired judgement, impaired operation of vehicles, respiratory and cardiac
depression with overdose (much less likely with benzoidiazepines alone).
Sedative Hypnotics interaction with alcohol -
\Potentiation of effects, especially respiratory depression, Some degree of cross
tolorance.
Sedative Hypnotics common problems -
\Tolerance, dependence, addiction, elderly falls, respiratory dpression
Sedative Hypnotics withdrawal -
\Similar to alcoho, but may have slower onset. Severity and time of onset vary wtih half
life of drug. Mild: anxiety, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, hpertention,
tachycardia, agitation, tremors, sensory, hypersensitivity, dizziness, confusion, fatigue.
Severe: Autonomic hyperactivity, vital sign instability, elevated temp, delusions,
