CMN 552 UNIT 3, MARCH QUESTIONS EXAM CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED
A+
RATED
What are some examples of maltreatment that adolescents report occurred during their childhood? Sadock, p. 1314 -
ANSWER ✔the most common experiences were being left home alone as a child, (reported by 41.5 percent of the sample),
physical assault (reported by 28.4 percent), physical neglect (reported by 11.8 percent), and sexual abuse (reported by 4.5
percent).
What health risks are associated with maltreatment? -- (Sadock, p. 1314) - ANSWER ✔depression, regular alcohol use, binge
drinking, marijuana use, overweight status, generally poor health, inhalant use, and aggressive behaviors, including fighting
and hurting others.
What is neglect? - ANSWER ✔The failure to provide adequate care and protection for children. Children can be harmed by
malicious or ignorant withholding of physical, emotional or educational necessities. neglect includes failure to feed children
adequately and to protect them from danger. Physical neglect includes abandonment, expulsion from home, disruptive
custodial care, inadequate supervision, and reckless disregard for a child's safety and welfare. Medical neglect includes refusal
, delay, or failure to provide medical care. Educational neglect includes failure to enroll a child in school and allow chronic
truancy.
What is considered physical abuse? --(Sadock, p.1314) - ANSWER ✔defined as any act that results in a nonaccidental
physical injury, such as beating, punching, kicking, biting, burning and poisoning. Some physical abuse is the result of
unreasonably severe corporal punishment or unjustifiable punishment. Physical abuse can be organized by damage to the side
of injury: skin and surface tissue, the head, internal organs, and skeletal.
What are the etiological factors of physical abuse? - ANSWER ✔Highly associated with poverty and psychosocial stress,
parental substance abuse and mental illness. Child maltreatment is strongly correlated with less parental education,
underemployment, poor housing, welfare reliance, and single parenting. Child abuse tends to occur more often in families
characterized by domestic violence, social isolation, parental mental illness and drug and alcohol abuse. The probability of
maltreatment may be increased by risk factors in the child such as prematurity, intellectual disability, and physical handicap. In
,addition, the risk of child abuse increases in families with many children.
What is emotional abuse? (Sadock p.1315) - ANSWER ✔Occurs when a person conveys to children they are worthless,
flawed, unloved, unwanted or endangered. exmp. belittling, screaming, threats, blaming or sarcasm. Severity depends on 1. if
perpetrator actually intends to inflict harm 2. Whether abuse is likely to cause harm to the child.
What is sexual abuse? - ANSWER ✔Sexual behavior between an adult and child or 2 children when one is older or uses
coercion. Same sex or opposite sex, touching, exploitation and penetration with sexual organs or objects.
What are the etiological factors of sexual abuse? - ANSWER ✔Insestious behavior is associated with etoh abuse,
overcrowding, rural isolation, some cultures more tolerant of insest. Major mental disorders and intellectual deficiency has
been described in some perpertrators of insest and sexual abuse.
What is ritual abuse? (Sadock 1315) - ANSWER ✔Cult-based ritual abuse which includes satanic rituals, is physical, sexual or
psychological abuse that involves bizarre or ceremonial activity that is religiously or spiritually motivated. Typically, multiple
perpetrators abuse multiple victims over extended periods of time.
What are the clinical features of physically abused children? Sadock p1315-1316 - ANSWER ✔behaviors- unusually fearful,
docile, distrustful, guarded, or disruptive, aggressive. May be wary of physical contact and show no expectation of being
comforted by adults, may be on alert for danger and continually size up environment, and may be afraid to go home.
Psychological consequence: affect dysregulation, insecure and atypical attachment patterns, impaired peer relations involving
aggression or social withdrawal, and academic underachievement. Psychopathology- depression, conduct disorder, ADHD,
oppositional defiant disorder, dissociation, and PTSD
What are the clinical features of sexually abused children? Sadock p 1316 - ANSWER ✔Anxiety symptoms, dissociative
reactions and hysterical symptoms, depression, disturbances in sexual behavior, somatic complaints
What are the 5 phases of sexual abuse? sadock p 1317 - ANSWER ✔1. engagement phase- adult induces child into a special
relationship. 2. sexual interaction phase- progress from less to more intrusive. 3. secrecy phase- threatens victim not to tell,
perpetrator becomes possessive 4. disclosure phase- accidental or when clinician asks the right questions 5. suppression
phase- child often retracts statements due to pressure from family or own mental processes. Sometimes affection from
perpetrator outweighs the facts of abuse and victims recant statements
In evaluating a child/adolescent for physical or sexual abuse, what factors should the clinician consider? (Sadock, p. 1318) -
ANSWER ✔Depends on its circumstances and context. Practitioners must consider whether they are conducting a forensic
evaluation, which has legal implications and may ultimately be used in court, or a clinical evaluation, which is done for a
therapeutic purpose. A forensic evaluation emphasizes collecting accurate and complete data to determine—as objectively as
possible—what happened to the child. Was the injury an accident, was it self-inflicted, or was it a result of parental abuse?
Was the child actually sexually abused, or was he or she indoctrinated to believe that he or she was abused? The data
collected in a forensic evaluation must be preserved in a reliable manner through audiotape, videotape, or detailed notes. The
,results of the forensic evaluation are organized into a report that is read by attorneys, a judge, and others. The emphasis in a
therapeutic evaluation is to assess psychological strengths and weaknesses, to make a clinical diagnosis, to develop a
treatment plan, and to lay the foundation for continuing psychotherapy. The clinician is also interested in determining what
happened to the child, but it is not as essential to distinguish facts from fantasies. Compared with the forensic evaluation, the
psychotherapist does not need to keep such detailed records and ordinarily does not prepare a report for court.In addition to
distinguishing a forensic examination from a therapeutic consultation, a number of factors can affect the evaluation of a child
who was abused or may have been abused: whether one is a pediatrician in an emergency department or a child psychiatrist
in an office, whether a parent or another person is suspected of the abuse, the severity of the abuse and the victim's
relationship to the perpetrator, whether physical signs of abuse are obvious or absent, the age and gender of the child, a
What are the treatment options for maltreatment? (Sadock, p. 1319) - ANSWER ✔The immediate strategic intervention is
to ensure the child's safety, which may require the child's removal from an abusive or neglectful home environment.
Multisystemic Therapy for Child Abuse and Neglect (MST-CAN) uses a home-based model in which therapists come to the
home to involve families in a highly monitored positive interactional approach toward their physically abused children. Parent-
Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), adapted for children who have been physically abused, consists of combined treatment for
parents and children in which parenting is coached directly by the therapist and practiced in sessions with parents and
children together. Combined Parent-Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CPC-CBT) is designed to help parents to develop more
positive strategies with their children and to help children to cope more effectively with their past abuse and to learn more
positive interactions with parents.
What symptoms do children exhibit in response to terrorism? (Sadock, p. 1319) - ANSWER ✔One predominant and near
universal symptom in children in response to these stimuli is anxiety. Young children may cling excessively to their parents,
whereas older children may become preoccupied with fear about unrelated issues. Some youth express overt anger, and
others experience a sense of hopelessness, lack of control, and/or depression. Severe traumas, such as experiencing a terrorist
event, may be more likely to result in posttraumatic stress syndromes among exposed youth, compared to less severe forms
of trauma. The number of traumas experienced by a child, degree of family support provided after the exposure, and the
reactions of parents are all important factors in a child's reaction.
What are 3 distinct features of terrorism? (Sadock, P. 1321) - ANSWER ✔1. they produce a societal atmosphere of extreme
danger and fear.2. They inflict personal harm and destruction3. They undermine the expectation of citizens that the state is
able to protect them
What are some influential factors in how a child responds to terrorist exposure? (Sadock, P. 1321) - ANSWER ✔Personal
appraisal of persisting danger, the likelihood of recurrent attack, and the perception of the relative safety of one's family and
close friends. Children's responses are influenced by how their parents cope with trauma and the resulting turmoil and how
well they understand the situation. Reactions to exposure from terrorism are mediated by numerous factors including:
personal appraisal for persisting danger, the likelihood of a recurrent attack, and the perception of one's safety of one's family
and close friends. Children's response to terrorist exposure are influenced by how their parents cope with the trauma and
resulting turmoil and how well they understand the situation.
, What are some of the adverse psychological reactions of children associated with terrorism? (Sadock, p. 1320) -
ANSWER ✔What are some of the adverse psychological reactions of children associated with terrorism? (Sadock, p.
1320)One predominant and near universal symptom in children in response to these stimuli is anxiety. Young children may
cling excessively to their parents, whereas older children may become preoccupied with fear about unrelated issues. Some
youth express overt anger, and others experience a sense of hopelessness, lack of control, and/or depression. Severe traumas,
such as experiencing a terrorist event, may be more likely to result in posttraumatic stress syndromes among exposed youth,
compared to less severe form of trauma. The number of traumas experienced by a child, degree of family support provided
after the exposure, and the reactions of parents are all important factors in a child's reaction.Sadock, Page 1323Table 31.1
Psychological Disorders Associated with Terrorism Acute Stress DisorderPTSDDepressionAnxietySeparation Anxiety
DisorderAgoraphobiaPhobic DisordersBereavementSomatization IrritabilityDissociative reactionsSleep disturbancesDiminished
self-esteemDeterioration school performance Distress when exposed to traumatic remindersSubstance Abuse
What are the components for recovery from exposure to terrorism? (Sadock, p. 1323) - ANSWER ✔In order to begin the
process of recovery from exposure to mass trauma, an assessment of a child's current coping must be done. Numerous
instruments to measure coping exist. These include COPE, a self-report questionnaire which has 52 items that can be used
with children, adolescents, and adults; Children's Coping Strategies Checklist (CCSC), a self-report questionnaire with 45
general coping items used with children 9 to 13 years of age; and How I Coped Under Pressure (HICUPS), which has 45 event
specific questions for children in the 4th and 6th grade. Once this assessment has been determined, the next steps can be
taken to being the road to recovery.
1. What are the common symptoms represented in OCD? (Sadock, p. 418) - ANSWER ✔intrusive thoughts, rituals,
preoccupations, and compulsions
2. Differentiate between an obsession and a compulsion. (Sadock, p. 418) - ANSWER ✔Obsession: A recurrent and intrusive
thought, feeling, idea, or sensation.
Compulsion: A conscious, standardized, recurrent behavior, such as counting, checking, or avoiding
3. What is the prevalence of OCD? - ANSWER ✔Lifetime prevalence in the general population estimated at 2 to 3 percent.
Fourth most common psychiatric diagnosis.
Among adults, men and women are equally likely to be affected.
Among adolescents, boys are more commonly affected than girls.
Mean age of onset is about 20 years.
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED
A+
RATED
What are some examples of maltreatment that adolescents report occurred during their childhood? Sadock, p. 1314 -
ANSWER ✔the most common experiences were being left home alone as a child, (reported by 41.5 percent of the sample),
physical assault (reported by 28.4 percent), physical neglect (reported by 11.8 percent), and sexual abuse (reported by 4.5
percent).
What health risks are associated with maltreatment? -- (Sadock, p. 1314) - ANSWER ✔depression, regular alcohol use, binge
drinking, marijuana use, overweight status, generally poor health, inhalant use, and aggressive behaviors, including fighting
and hurting others.
What is neglect? - ANSWER ✔The failure to provide adequate care and protection for children. Children can be harmed by
malicious or ignorant withholding of physical, emotional or educational necessities. neglect includes failure to feed children
adequately and to protect them from danger. Physical neglect includes abandonment, expulsion from home, disruptive
custodial care, inadequate supervision, and reckless disregard for a child's safety and welfare. Medical neglect includes refusal
, delay, or failure to provide medical care. Educational neglect includes failure to enroll a child in school and allow chronic
truancy.
What is considered physical abuse? --(Sadock, p.1314) - ANSWER ✔defined as any act that results in a nonaccidental
physical injury, such as beating, punching, kicking, biting, burning and poisoning. Some physical abuse is the result of
unreasonably severe corporal punishment or unjustifiable punishment. Physical abuse can be organized by damage to the side
of injury: skin and surface tissue, the head, internal organs, and skeletal.
What are the etiological factors of physical abuse? - ANSWER ✔Highly associated with poverty and psychosocial stress,
parental substance abuse and mental illness. Child maltreatment is strongly correlated with less parental education,
underemployment, poor housing, welfare reliance, and single parenting. Child abuse tends to occur more often in families
characterized by domestic violence, social isolation, parental mental illness and drug and alcohol abuse. The probability of
maltreatment may be increased by risk factors in the child such as prematurity, intellectual disability, and physical handicap. In
,addition, the risk of child abuse increases in families with many children.
What is emotional abuse? (Sadock p.1315) - ANSWER ✔Occurs when a person conveys to children they are worthless,
flawed, unloved, unwanted or endangered. exmp. belittling, screaming, threats, blaming or sarcasm. Severity depends on 1. if
perpetrator actually intends to inflict harm 2. Whether abuse is likely to cause harm to the child.
What is sexual abuse? - ANSWER ✔Sexual behavior between an adult and child or 2 children when one is older or uses
coercion. Same sex or opposite sex, touching, exploitation and penetration with sexual organs or objects.
What are the etiological factors of sexual abuse? - ANSWER ✔Insestious behavior is associated with etoh abuse,
overcrowding, rural isolation, some cultures more tolerant of insest. Major mental disorders and intellectual deficiency has
been described in some perpertrators of insest and sexual abuse.
What is ritual abuse? (Sadock 1315) - ANSWER ✔Cult-based ritual abuse which includes satanic rituals, is physical, sexual or
psychological abuse that involves bizarre or ceremonial activity that is religiously or spiritually motivated. Typically, multiple
perpetrators abuse multiple victims over extended periods of time.
What are the clinical features of physically abused children? Sadock p1315-1316 - ANSWER ✔behaviors- unusually fearful,
docile, distrustful, guarded, or disruptive, aggressive. May be wary of physical contact and show no expectation of being
comforted by adults, may be on alert for danger and continually size up environment, and may be afraid to go home.
Psychological consequence: affect dysregulation, insecure and atypical attachment patterns, impaired peer relations involving
aggression or social withdrawal, and academic underachievement. Psychopathology- depression, conduct disorder, ADHD,
oppositional defiant disorder, dissociation, and PTSD
What are the clinical features of sexually abused children? Sadock p 1316 - ANSWER ✔Anxiety symptoms, dissociative
reactions and hysterical symptoms, depression, disturbances in sexual behavior, somatic complaints
What are the 5 phases of sexual abuse? sadock p 1317 - ANSWER ✔1. engagement phase- adult induces child into a special
relationship. 2. sexual interaction phase- progress from less to more intrusive. 3. secrecy phase- threatens victim not to tell,
perpetrator becomes possessive 4. disclosure phase- accidental or when clinician asks the right questions 5. suppression
phase- child often retracts statements due to pressure from family or own mental processes. Sometimes affection from
perpetrator outweighs the facts of abuse and victims recant statements
In evaluating a child/adolescent for physical or sexual abuse, what factors should the clinician consider? (Sadock, p. 1318) -
ANSWER ✔Depends on its circumstances and context. Practitioners must consider whether they are conducting a forensic
evaluation, which has legal implications and may ultimately be used in court, or a clinical evaluation, which is done for a
therapeutic purpose. A forensic evaluation emphasizes collecting accurate and complete data to determine—as objectively as
possible—what happened to the child. Was the injury an accident, was it self-inflicted, or was it a result of parental abuse?
Was the child actually sexually abused, or was he or she indoctrinated to believe that he or she was abused? The data
collected in a forensic evaluation must be preserved in a reliable manner through audiotape, videotape, or detailed notes. The
,results of the forensic evaluation are organized into a report that is read by attorneys, a judge, and others. The emphasis in a
therapeutic evaluation is to assess psychological strengths and weaknesses, to make a clinical diagnosis, to develop a
treatment plan, and to lay the foundation for continuing psychotherapy. The clinician is also interested in determining what
happened to the child, but it is not as essential to distinguish facts from fantasies. Compared with the forensic evaluation, the
psychotherapist does not need to keep such detailed records and ordinarily does not prepare a report for court.In addition to
distinguishing a forensic examination from a therapeutic consultation, a number of factors can affect the evaluation of a child
who was abused or may have been abused: whether one is a pediatrician in an emergency department or a child psychiatrist
in an office, whether a parent or another person is suspected of the abuse, the severity of the abuse and the victim's
relationship to the perpetrator, whether physical signs of abuse are obvious or absent, the age and gender of the child, a
What are the treatment options for maltreatment? (Sadock, p. 1319) - ANSWER ✔The immediate strategic intervention is
to ensure the child's safety, which may require the child's removal from an abusive or neglectful home environment.
Multisystemic Therapy for Child Abuse and Neglect (MST-CAN) uses a home-based model in which therapists come to the
home to involve families in a highly monitored positive interactional approach toward their physically abused children. Parent-
Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), adapted for children who have been physically abused, consists of combined treatment for
parents and children in which parenting is coached directly by the therapist and practiced in sessions with parents and
children together. Combined Parent-Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CPC-CBT) is designed to help parents to develop more
positive strategies with their children and to help children to cope more effectively with their past abuse and to learn more
positive interactions with parents.
What symptoms do children exhibit in response to terrorism? (Sadock, p. 1319) - ANSWER ✔One predominant and near
universal symptom in children in response to these stimuli is anxiety. Young children may cling excessively to their parents,
whereas older children may become preoccupied with fear about unrelated issues. Some youth express overt anger, and
others experience a sense of hopelessness, lack of control, and/or depression. Severe traumas, such as experiencing a terrorist
event, may be more likely to result in posttraumatic stress syndromes among exposed youth, compared to less severe forms
of trauma. The number of traumas experienced by a child, degree of family support provided after the exposure, and the
reactions of parents are all important factors in a child's reaction.
What are 3 distinct features of terrorism? (Sadock, P. 1321) - ANSWER ✔1. they produce a societal atmosphere of extreme
danger and fear.2. They inflict personal harm and destruction3. They undermine the expectation of citizens that the state is
able to protect them
What are some influential factors in how a child responds to terrorist exposure? (Sadock, P. 1321) - ANSWER ✔Personal
appraisal of persisting danger, the likelihood of recurrent attack, and the perception of the relative safety of one's family and
close friends. Children's responses are influenced by how their parents cope with trauma and the resulting turmoil and how
well they understand the situation. Reactions to exposure from terrorism are mediated by numerous factors including:
personal appraisal for persisting danger, the likelihood of a recurrent attack, and the perception of one's safety of one's family
and close friends. Children's response to terrorist exposure are influenced by how their parents cope with the trauma and
resulting turmoil and how well they understand the situation.
, What are some of the adverse psychological reactions of children associated with terrorism? (Sadock, p. 1320) -
ANSWER ✔What are some of the adverse psychological reactions of children associated with terrorism? (Sadock, p.
1320)One predominant and near universal symptom in children in response to these stimuli is anxiety. Young children may
cling excessively to their parents, whereas older children may become preoccupied with fear about unrelated issues. Some
youth express overt anger, and others experience a sense of hopelessness, lack of control, and/or depression. Severe traumas,
such as experiencing a terrorist event, may be more likely to result in posttraumatic stress syndromes among exposed youth,
compared to less severe form of trauma. The number of traumas experienced by a child, degree of family support provided
after the exposure, and the reactions of parents are all important factors in a child's reaction.Sadock, Page 1323Table 31.1
Psychological Disorders Associated with Terrorism Acute Stress DisorderPTSDDepressionAnxietySeparation Anxiety
DisorderAgoraphobiaPhobic DisordersBereavementSomatization IrritabilityDissociative reactionsSleep disturbancesDiminished
self-esteemDeterioration school performance Distress when exposed to traumatic remindersSubstance Abuse
What are the components for recovery from exposure to terrorism? (Sadock, p. 1323) - ANSWER ✔In order to begin the
process of recovery from exposure to mass trauma, an assessment of a child's current coping must be done. Numerous
instruments to measure coping exist. These include COPE, a self-report questionnaire which has 52 items that can be used
with children, adolescents, and adults; Children's Coping Strategies Checklist (CCSC), a self-report questionnaire with 45
general coping items used with children 9 to 13 years of age; and How I Coped Under Pressure (HICUPS), which has 45 event
specific questions for children in the 4th and 6th grade. Once this assessment has been determined, the next steps can be
taken to being the road to recovery.
1. What are the common symptoms represented in OCD? (Sadock, p. 418) - ANSWER ✔intrusive thoughts, rituals,
preoccupations, and compulsions
2. Differentiate between an obsession and a compulsion. (Sadock, p. 418) - ANSWER ✔Obsession: A recurrent and intrusive
thought, feeling, idea, or sensation.
Compulsion: A conscious, standardized, recurrent behavior, such as counting, checking, or avoiding
3. What is the prevalence of OCD? - ANSWER ✔Lifetime prevalence in the general population estimated at 2 to 3 percent.
Fourth most common psychiatric diagnosis.
Among adults, men and women are equally likely to be affected.
Among adolescents, boys are more commonly affected than girls.
Mean age of onset is about 20 years.
