NES PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE: ELEMENTARY ASSESSMENT EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

Guided Practice - correct answer practicing a new concept with scaffolded support from the teacher John Dewey - correct answer a pragmatic philosopher who viewed learning as a series of scientific inquiry and experimentation; he advocated real-world experiences and volunteerism Direct Teaching - correct answer a form of teaching that is centered on the teacher and instructions is based on disseminating facts recall - correct answer the act of retrieving facts operant conditioning - correct answer provides rewards or punishment as a motivation for desired performance short-term memory - correct answer information that enters the conscious memory but is not stored for recall at a later time motor disabilities - correct answer characterized by loss of movement; may be caused by injury or disease reciprocal determinism - correct answer the theory by Albert Bandura which states that behavior is determined by a combination of cognitive factors, the environment, and stimuli standard deviation - correct answer a mathematical calculation that indicates the variability of scores in comparison with the average one-on-one - correct answer a type of instruction in which a teacher works with one individual student on a concept Abraham Maslow - correct answer developed the hierarchy of needs, which he theorized to be the unconscious desires that motivate people reading guides - correct answer guides include statements or questions that lead students through the text, providing instructional focus median - correct answer the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it distance learning - correct answer a type of learning that involves provisions for educating students that are not in attendance at a school facility verbal prompting - correct answer using words or beginning phonemes to assist students inductive reasoning - correct answer conclusions are drawn by putting together known concepts and applying them to a new situation schema - correct answer the framework of understanding in a child's brain restatement - correct answer when the learner or listener repeats what has been learned using his or her own wording cognitive dissonance theory - correct answer uneasiness is felt when an individual has conflicting thoughts workshops - correct answer discussions or meetings in which participants come together to interact and exchange information about best practices performance - correct answer when students present their learning as teachers watch to assess ma