APHY 102 IVY TECH MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS {GRADED A+}
What is a hormone and how does it act? - ✔✔Hormones are chemical
messengers that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into
body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which
are any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone.
What is a paracrine gland? - ✔✔a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but
affects only neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland? - ✔✔A secretion that only affects the
secreting cell.
What is an endocrine gland? - ✔✔A gland that secretes a substance (a
hormone) into the bloodstream and act on target cells
What is an exocrine gland? - ✔✔A ducted gland that produces a secretion
onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located? - ✔✔mediastinum; behind the sternum
Where is the pineal gland located? - ✔✔center of brain
Where are the reproductive organs located? - ✔✔abdomen; pelvic
,Where is the pituitary gland located? - ✔✔sella turcica of the sphenoid
bone; base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands located? - ✔✔on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located? - ✔✔posterior to the stomach
What are the two steroid hormones? - ✔✔Sex hormones and adrenal
cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
Describe steroid hormones - ✔✔-diffuse through cell membranes into
cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
Describe non-steroid hormones. - ✔✔Amines, proteins, peptides, and
glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which
body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines with
receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular
changes produce the hormone's effects.
How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary
gland? - ✔✔The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing
and secreting hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary
, when fully formed. Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to
the hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for hormones produced by
the hypothalamus and receiving messages from it that regulate when
hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary
What regulates pituitary gland secretion? - ✔✔Hypothalamus
Describe tropic hormones - ✔✔stimulate other endocrine glands to release
hormones
anterior pituitary hormones - ✔✔ACTH - controls manufacture and
secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells in
ovaries and stimulate production of sperm cells in the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of egg cells
from ovaries
PRL - promotes milk production
TSH - controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid
posterior pituitary hormones - ✔✔ADH - reduces volume of water that
kidneys secrete
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS {GRADED A+}
What is a hormone and how does it act? - ✔✔Hormones are chemical
messengers that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into
body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which
are any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone.
What is a paracrine gland? - ✔✔a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but
affects only neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland? - ✔✔A secretion that only affects the
secreting cell.
What is an endocrine gland? - ✔✔A gland that secretes a substance (a
hormone) into the bloodstream and act on target cells
What is an exocrine gland? - ✔✔A ducted gland that produces a secretion
onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located? - ✔✔mediastinum; behind the sternum
Where is the pineal gland located? - ✔✔center of brain
Where are the reproductive organs located? - ✔✔abdomen; pelvic
,Where is the pituitary gland located? - ✔✔sella turcica of the sphenoid
bone; base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands located? - ✔✔on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located? - ✔✔posterior to the stomach
What are the two steroid hormones? - ✔✔Sex hormones and adrenal
cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
Describe steroid hormones - ✔✔-diffuse through cell membranes into
cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
Describe non-steroid hormones. - ✔✔Amines, proteins, peptides, and
glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which
body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines with
receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular
changes produce the hormone's effects.
How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary
gland? - ✔✔The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing
and secreting hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary
, when fully formed. Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to
the hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for hormones produced by
the hypothalamus and receiving messages from it that regulate when
hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary
What regulates pituitary gland secretion? - ✔✔Hypothalamus
Describe tropic hormones - ✔✔stimulate other endocrine glands to release
hormones
anterior pituitary hormones - ✔✔ACTH - controls manufacture and
secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells in
ovaries and stimulate production of sperm cells in the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of egg cells
from ovaries
PRL - promotes milk production
TSH - controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid
posterior pituitary hormones - ✔✔ADH - reduces volume of water that
kidneys secrete
