PSY 110 Exam 1 Study Guide | Verified & update Already Passed Rated A+

PSY 110 Exam 1 Study Guide | Verified & update Already Passed Rated A+ Empiricism - Data used to test hypothesis Objectivity - free from personal bias Accumulation - replication and refinement of studied done with commonly shared methods Eight stages of life development - Erik Erikson Prenatal- conception to birth Infancy and Toddlerhood- birth til 2 Early Childhood- 2-6 Middle Childhood- 6-11 Adolescence- 11-18 Emerging Adulthood Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood Nature vs. nurture - The debate about whether human behavior and characteristics are determined by the environment, either prenatal or during a person's life, or by a person's genes ex. overweight children-- parents also tend to be overweight however, SES plays into it, lifestyle, culture etc Differential susceptibility - The idea that individuals vary in how sensitive they are to particular experiences or aspects of the environment Multidirectional Development: 2 kinds - Gradual changes vs. distinct set of stages changes Social learning theory: emphasizes the gradual addition of learned responses (habits) that make up one's personality Piaget's cognitive theory: 4 stages, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational stage (as distinct stages, like tadpole to frog, butterfly to caterpillar) Multicontextual Development - Age-graded influences (ex. Puberty) History-graded influences (ex. 9/11, Wars, Technology), Nonnormative influences (Trauma, Family situations) Multicultural Development - to avoid difference-equals-deficit error, intersectionality (e.g., co-sleeping with children or not, social responses towards shy children in different cultures, how cultural values shape parental praise, first generation college students) Multidisciplinary Development (3 parts) - physical (bio), cognitive, social-emotional