NU623 Adult Healthcare(Guaranteed solutions)

What is unstable angina, preinfarct angina, and "crescendo angina correct answers Synonyms used to describe the new onset of cardiac ischemic chest pain at rest but without evidence of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Reports of symptoms at rest are more likely to be associated with? correct answers Coronary artery vasospasm, a condition usually seen in patients with coronary atherosclerosis The pain of costochondritis (a type of chest wall syndrome [CWS]) is often described as? correct answers Localized, and it may be replicated with arm movement or pressing on the area of tenderness (point tenderness) How is pain associated with angina pectoris described? correct answers Generally, it is described as a diffuse, retrosternal sensation of pain, often with radiation, and a heavy, burning sensation, usually lasting more than 1 minute but less than 10 minutes. Exertional symptoms are usually more common in individuals with fixed atherosclerotic lesions. In assessing the person with known angina pectoris, it is critical to ascertain if there has been a change in the symptom pattern because this may indicate an alteration in vessel patency such as that found in accelerated atherosclerosis or vessel spasm. Defined as the awareness of the beating of one's heart and may be benign or pathological in nature. correct answers Palpitations- If the patient reports a sensation of a strong but regular rhythmic beating of the heart after stress or exertion, this likely indicates a normal physiological response to increased catecholamine production. If there is a report of skipped or missed beats, particularly with the sensation that the heart "stopped" momentarily, this may indicate the presence of an atrial or ventricular ectopic beat. What diagnostic testing should be performed for a patient with cardiac-related syncope? correct answers Thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone), blood chemistries, hemoglobin, and hematocrit should be evaluated to help rule out thyroid disorder, electrolyte imbalance, and anemia as possible, though less common, causes of palpitations. Ambulatory cardiac monitoring (Holter monitoring) until at least one event is recorded is most helpful in ascertaining the presence of a potentially lethal cardiac rhythm disturbance. Echocardiography may be necessary to assess cardiac outflow tract patency and to help rule out valvular stenosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Syncope is a loss of consciousness that occurs abruptly as a discrete episode and usually lasts for a short period of only a few minutes. What is the pathology of syncope? correct answers The implied pathology is decreased cerebral blood flow caused by a marked decrease in cardiac output. some of these episodes are explainable and of noncardiac origin (e.g., fluid loss, dehydration, emotional stress), the majority of these episodes are cardiovascular in origin, including the most common etiology of vasovagal or cardioneurogenic syncope. A syncopal episode may be the only warning sign of