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Normal urine output /day and /hr
1 L/day & 40 mL/hr
What value indicates hypovolemia?
CVP < 2 torr
What does the Katz Scoring System evaluate?
"Activity of daily living" or ADL
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing or hoarseness
What causes ascites?
Liver failure
Cheyne-Stokes breathing is caused by what three conditions?
Increased ICP, brainstem injury, & drug overdose
What causes Biot's breathing?
CNS issues
What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing?
Increasing and decreasing respiratory rate w/ periods of apnea lasting up to one minute
What is Biot's breathing?
Increased respiratory rate and depth w/ apnea
What is Kussmaul's breathing caused by?
Diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, & metabolic acidosis
What condition can cause hypertrophy, or over-use of accessory muscles?
COPD
What is the term that describes the wasting away of muscle tissue?
Dystrophy
What three disorders can cause pulsus paradoxis?
Tension pneumothorax, asthma, & cardiac tamponade
What is egophony?
An increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs