ICVA NAVLE prep questionsand
answers.
A person calls to to say she adopted a friend's dog and requests a copy of the dog's
medical record and radiographs. The former owner is a client at your clinic. Which one
of the following choices is the most appropriate action to take?
A - Require original owner consent or court order to release information
B - Give caller a copy of medical record only
C - Give caller a copy of medical record and radiographs
D - After physical exam, start a new medical record documenting previous issues
E - Give a summarized record with personal identifiers (vet, owner names) blocked out -
\A
According to the AVMA's Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics (2008 revision)
"Ethically, the information within veterinary medical records is considered privileged and
confidential. It must not be released except by court order or consent of the owner of the
patient. Veterinarians should secure a written release to document that request."
A 5 year old domestic short-haired spayed female cat is presented with the complaints
of anorexia, chronic vomiting, and weight loss.
Physical examination reveals icterus, dehydration, and fever. Thickened small intestinal
loops are appreciated with abdominal palpation, and serum biochemistry shows
increased bilirubin and liver enzymes.
The cat is diagnosed with extrahepatic biliary obstruction with accompanying cholangitis
and inflammatory bowel disease. Which one of the following normal anatomic features
may predispose cats to this triad of diseases?
A - Narrowing of the duodenum distal to the entry of the common bile and pancreatic
ducts
B - Common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into duodenum
C - Enlarged duodenal papilla in comparison to other species
D - Decreased proportion of alpha-smooth muscle actin in muscle fibers of the wall of
the gall bladder in cats
E - Decreased diameter and increa -
\B
In cats, there is a common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into the
duodenum. It is thought that this may predispose them to ascending cholangitis and
,pancreatitis after vomiting associated with inflammatory bowel disease, resulting in
extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Other possible etiologies of EHBO include neoplasia, biliary stricture, duodenal
obstruction, diaphragmatic hernia, and parasitic infection.
In all cases, there is a lack of bile entry into the intestinal tract, leading to decreased
absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin K, potentially resulting in
coagulopathies.
Except in transient cases that are related to acute pancreatitis, surgical intervention to
relieve the obstruction is required as well as appropriate supportive care, antimicrobial
treatment, and vitamin K administration.
Most of a litter of European wild boar at a zoological park have died. The surviving
piglets are in lateral recumbency with a frothy nasal discharge. Necropsy of the piglets
reveals pulmonary edema and copious fluid in the trachea and bronchi along with
grayish- white necrotic foci on the myocardium. Which one of the following diseases is
the most likely diagnosis?
A - Edema disease
B - Encephalomyocarditis
C - Glasser's Disease
D - Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
E - Pseudorabies -
\B
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is caused by a cardiovirus in the family
picornaviridae. Confusingly, the virus is named for its effects on mice.
Think of rodents and exotic zoo mammals with EMCV. Pig-to-pig contact, contamination
of swine feed and water by rodents or ingestion of dead rodents may cause disease.
See pulmonary edema and copious transudate in the respiratory tract, causing cardiac
failure. Zoo outbreaks of EMCV have included lions, African elephants, rhinos, hippos,
sloths, llamas, antelope and nonhuman primates. An outbreak of lion deaths at a Florida
zoo in the USA occurred after feeding them the carcass of an African elephant that had
died of EMCV.
Edema disease is a neurologic disease caused by a hemolytic Escherichia coli
producing Shiga toxin e2 and F18 pili resulting in high mortality in recently-weaned pigs.
Glasser's Disease, caused by Hemophilus parasuis is usually an acute disease of 6 to 8
week-old pigs which causes fibrinous arthritis, polyserositis, and meningitis.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), is an arterivirus causing
reproductive failure and post-weaning respiratory disease.
,What is the main mode of transmission for feline leukemia virus?
A - Aerosol transmission
B - Shedding of virus via feces
C - Fomite transmission
D - Shedding of virus via saliva -
\D
The correct answer is shedding of virus via saliva. The main mode of transmission is via
saliva. It requires prolonged, close contact. Cats may shed the virus for months to
years. Transmission may also occur through reuse of instruments and blood. Virus is
shed in saliva, tears, urine, and feces.
You are working with a farmer who is having trouble with calves between the age of 2
weeks and 6 months. They are alert, but weak, dyspneic and die suddenly. On
necropsy they have pale cardiac and skeletal muscles. What is the farmer's problem?
A - Copper deficiency
B - Sorghum toxicity
C - Lightning strike
D - Selenium deficiency -
\D
The correct answer is selenium deficiency. The pale muscle and clinical signs are
classic for vitamin E and selenium deficiency. This is important to remember! Other
things that should be on your differential list for this case include cardiotoxic plants.
A 6-year old intact male domestic short haired cat presents with acute onset
exophthalmos of the right eye in the past 2 days. He is painful on palpation around his
eye and head. The eye can be retropulsed with minimal resistance. He has not been
eating in the past day and has a rectal temperature of 103.4F (39.7 C). What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A - Orbital neoplasia
B - Retrobulbar abscess
C - Anterior uveitis
D - Glaucoma -
\B
The answer is a retrobulbar abscess. Acute, painful exophthalmos is usually due to
retrobulbar abscessation. These lesions are usually painful and may be swollen. These
animals are frequently systemically ill with fever and leukocytosis. Causes of retrobulbar
abscesses include penetrating wounds, foreign bodies, spread from dental or sinus
infection, and hematogenous spread. Glaucoma does not cause exophthalmos,
although, chronically it can cause buphthalmos which may appear similar. Anterior
uveitis also does not cause exophthalmos.
, You are an associate veterinarian paid a base salary of $55,000 annually, plus a 8 %
bonus based on receipts above your monthly production goal of $23,000. Bonuses are
paid quarterly. Your last three month's production were:
$23,000, $28,000, and $27,000.
How much is your quarterly bonus?
A - $670
B - $840
C - $720
D - $810
E - $900 -
\C $720
If $23,000 is the monthly production goal, then the month you brought in $23,000 does
not count towards a bonus.
In the second month, $ 28,000 = $5000 above goal
In the third month $ 27,000 = $4000 above goal
Total above production goal = $5000+$4000= $9000
$9000 X (0.08 bonus rate) = $720.
Many practices use a combination system with a base salary and a production-based
bonus if you bring in more than a monthly production goal, but no penalty if you are
below that monthly goal, which is good if you are a new graduate, and helps in low
traffic months at the clinic.
A 10-year old female spayed Siamese cat presents for a new lump the owner found a
month ago. She was spayed last year before she was adopted from the shelter. The
owner states that the lump has grown over the last month, and it doesn't seem to bother
the cat. On exam, the 2 cm lump is located on the left 2nd mammary gland, and no
other lumps are noted. The lump is freely moveable, and chest radiographs are clear.
What is the chance that this tumor is malignant?
A - 5%
B - 50%
C - 20%
D - 85% -
\D
answers.
A person calls to to say she adopted a friend's dog and requests a copy of the dog's
medical record and radiographs. The former owner is a client at your clinic. Which one
of the following choices is the most appropriate action to take?
A - Require original owner consent or court order to release information
B - Give caller a copy of medical record only
C - Give caller a copy of medical record and radiographs
D - After physical exam, start a new medical record documenting previous issues
E - Give a summarized record with personal identifiers (vet, owner names) blocked out -
\A
According to the AVMA's Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics (2008 revision)
"Ethically, the information within veterinary medical records is considered privileged and
confidential. It must not be released except by court order or consent of the owner of the
patient. Veterinarians should secure a written release to document that request."
A 5 year old domestic short-haired spayed female cat is presented with the complaints
of anorexia, chronic vomiting, and weight loss.
Physical examination reveals icterus, dehydration, and fever. Thickened small intestinal
loops are appreciated with abdominal palpation, and serum biochemistry shows
increased bilirubin and liver enzymes.
The cat is diagnosed with extrahepatic biliary obstruction with accompanying cholangitis
and inflammatory bowel disease. Which one of the following normal anatomic features
may predispose cats to this triad of diseases?
A - Narrowing of the duodenum distal to the entry of the common bile and pancreatic
ducts
B - Common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into duodenum
C - Enlarged duodenal papilla in comparison to other species
D - Decreased proportion of alpha-smooth muscle actin in muscle fibers of the wall of
the gall bladder in cats
E - Decreased diameter and increa -
\B
In cats, there is a common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into the
duodenum. It is thought that this may predispose them to ascending cholangitis and
,pancreatitis after vomiting associated with inflammatory bowel disease, resulting in
extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Other possible etiologies of EHBO include neoplasia, biliary stricture, duodenal
obstruction, diaphragmatic hernia, and parasitic infection.
In all cases, there is a lack of bile entry into the intestinal tract, leading to decreased
absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin K, potentially resulting in
coagulopathies.
Except in transient cases that are related to acute pancreatitis, surgical intervention to
relieve the obstruction is required as well as appropriate supportive care, antimicrobial
treatment, and vitamin K administration.
Most of a litter of European wild boar at a zoological park have died. The surviving
piglets are in lateral recumbency with a frothy nasal discharge. Necropsy of the piglets
reveals pulmonary edema and copious fluid in the trachea and bronchi along with
grayish- white necrotic foci on the myocardium. Which one of the following diseases is
the most likely diagnosis?
A - Edema disease
B - Encephalomyocarditis
C - Glasser's Disease
D - Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
E - Pseudorabies -
\B
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is caused by a cardiovirus in the family
picornaviridae. Confusingly, the virus is named for its effects on mice.
Think of rodents and exotic zoo mammals with EMCV. Pig-to-pig contact, contamination
of swine feed and water by rodents or ingestion of dead rodents may cause disease.
See pulmonary edema and copious transudate in the respiratory tract, causing cardiac
failure. Zoo outbreaks of EMCV have included lions, African elephants, rhinos, hippos,
sloths, llamas, antelope and nonhuman primates. An outbreak of lion deaths at a Florida
zoo in the USA occurred after feeding them the carcass of an African elephant that had
died of EMCV.
Edema disease is a neurologic disease caused by a hemolytic Escherichia coli
producing Shiga toxin e2 and F18 pili resulting in high mortality in recently-weaned pigs.
Glasser's Disease, caused by Hemophilus parasuis is usually an acute disease of 6 to 8
week-old pigs which causes fibrinous arthritis, polyserositis, and meningitis.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), is an arterivirus causing
reproductive failure and post-weaning respiratory disease.
,What is the main mode of transmission for feline leukemia virus?
A - Aerosol transmission
B - Shedding of virus via feces
C - Fomite transmission
D - Shedding of virus via saliva -
\D
The correct answer is shedding of virus via saliva. The main mode of transmission is via
saliva. It requires prolonged, close contact. Cats may shed the virus for months to
years. Transmission may also occur through reuse of instruments and blood. Virus is
shed in saliva, tears, urine, and feces.
You are working with a farmer who is having trouble with calves between the age of 2
weeks and 6 months. They are alert, but weak, dyspneic and die suddenly. On
necropsy they have pale cardiac and skeletal muscles. What is the farmer's problem?
A - Copper deficiency
B - Sorghum toxicity
C - Lightning strike
D - Selenium deficiency -
\D
The correct answer is selenium deficiency. The pale muscle and clinical signs are
classic for vitamin E and selenium deficiency. This is important to remember! Other
things that should be on your differential list for this case include cardiotoxic plants.
A 6-year old intact male domestic short haired cat presents with acute onset
exophthalmos of the right eye in the past 2 days. He is painful on palpation around his
eye and head. The eye can be retropulsed with minimal resistance. He has not been
eating in the past day and has a rectal temperature of 103.4F (39.7 C). What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A - Orbital neoplasia
B - Retrobulbar abscess
C - Anterior uveitis
D - Glaucoma -
\B
The answer is a retrobulbar abscess. Acute, painful exophthalmos is usually due to
retrobulbar abscessation. These lesions are usually painful and may be swollen. These
animals are frequently systemically ill with fever and leukocytosis. Causes of retrobulbar
abscesses include penetrating wounds, foreign bodies, spread from dental or sinus
infection, and hematogenous spread. Glaucoma does not cause exophthalmos,
although, chronically it can cause buphthalmos which may appear similar. Anterior
uveitis also does not cause exophthalmos.
, You are an associate veterinarian paid a base salary of $55,000 annually, plus a 8 %
bonus based on receipts above your monthly production goal of $23,000. Bonuses are
paid quarterly. Your last three month's production were:
$23,000, $28,000, and $27,000.
How much is your quarterly bonus?
A - $670
B - $840
C - $720
D - $810
E - $900 -
\C $720
If $23,000 is the monthly production goal, then the month you brought in $23,000 does
not count towards a bonus.
In the second month, $ 28,000 = $5000 above goal
In the third month $ 27,000 = $4000 above goal
Total above production goal = $5000+$4000= $9000
$9000 X (0.08 bonus rate) = $720.
Many practices use a combination system with a base salary and a production-based
bonus if you bring in more than a monthly production goal, but no penalty if you are
below that monthly goal, which is good if you are a new graduate, and helps in low
traffic months at the clinic.
A 10-year old female spayed Siamese cat presents for a new lump the owner found a
month ago. She was spayed last year before she was adopted from the shelter. The
owner states that the lump has grown over the last month, and it doesn't seem to bother
the cat. On exam, the 2 cm lump is located on the left 2nd mammary gland, and no
other lumps are noted. The lump is freely moveable, and chest radiographs are clear.
What is the chance that this tumor is malignant?
A - 5%
B - 50%
C - 20%
D - 85% -
\D
