RUTGERS GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED 2024
Biological Neuroscientific
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
Example) Biological; cognitive, clinical
Evolutionary
Natural Science of Traits. How the the natural selection of trains has promoted the
survival of genes
Example) Biological; developmental; social
Behavior Genetics
How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences
Example) Personality; developmental; legal/forensic
Psychoanalytic
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Example) Clinical; counseling; personality
Behavioral
How we learn observable responses
Example) Clinical; Counseling; industrial-organizational
Cognitive
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Example) Cognitive neuroscience; clinical; counseling; industrial organization
Social-Cultural
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
What contributions did Wundt, Titchener, and James make to psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt- First Psychological Laboratory(1879)
E.B Titchener- structuralism- the analysis of mental structures
William James-Functionalism- the study of how the mind works
What is introspection?
, Introspection: is the examination of one's conscious thoughts and feelings.
What is structuralism?
Structuralism: early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used
introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.
What is functionalism?
Functionalism: early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin;
explored how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism
to adapt, survive, and flourish
What is hindsight bias?
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
What is the scientific method?
A design to study to test the hypothesis
What is a hypothesis?
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
What is an operational definition?
Statement about the procedure the researcher used to measure a variable
What is a case study? How is it limited?
Descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of
revealing universal principles
What is naturalistic observation? How is it limited?
A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring
situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
What is the survey method?
Survey Method: asking people questions about their thoughts, feelings, desires, and
actions and recording their answers.
What are wording effects?
How the phrasing of question might affect people's expressed opinions.
What is response bias?
influence the response of participants away from an accurate or truthful response.
What is random sampling?
Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being studied
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED 2024
Biological Neuroscientific
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
Example) Biological; cognitive, clinical
Evolutionary
Natural Science of Traits. How the the natural selection of trains has promoted the
survival of genes
Example) Biological; developmental; social
Behavior Genetics
How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences
Example) Personality; developmental; legal/forensic
Psychoanalytic
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Example) Clinical; counseling; personality
Behavioral
How we learn observable responses
Example) Clinical; Counseling; industrial-organizational
Cognitive
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Example) Cognitive neuroscience; clinical; counseling; industrial organization
Social-Cultural
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
What contributions did Wundt, Titchener, and James make to psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt- First Psychological Laboratory(1879)
E.B Titchener- structuralism- the analysis of mental structures
William James-Functionalism- the study of how the mind works
What is introspection?
, Introspection: is the examination of one's conscious thoughts and feelings.
What is structuralism?
Structuralism: early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used
introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.
What is functionalism?
Functionalism: early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin;
explored how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism
to adapt, survive, and flourish
What is hindsight bias?
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
What is the scientific method?
A design to study to test the hypothesis
What is a hypothesis?
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
What is an operational definition?
Statement about the procedure the researcher used to measure a variable
What is a case study? How is it limited?
Descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of
revealing universal principles
What is naturalistic observation? How is it limited?
A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring
situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
What is the survey method?
Survey Method: asking people questions about their thoughts, feelings, desires, and
actions and recording their answers.
What are wording effects?
How the phrasing of question might affect people's expressed opinions.
What is response bias?
influence the response of participants away from an accurate or truthful response.
What is random sampling?
Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being studied
