HCB MUSCULOSKELETAL AND DERMATOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
adduction
movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
angulated fracture
fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other
articulation
where two bones meet
atrophy
decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue
bursa
small serous sac between a tendon and a bone
bursitis
Inflammation of the connective tissue structure surrounding a joint
cartilage
tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form certain body parts
such as the ear
closed extremity injury
an injury to an extremity with no associated opening in the skin
comminuted fracture
a fracture in which the bone is broken in several places
compartment syndrome
injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a
space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast
crepitus
,grating or crackling sound or sensation; may occur with movement of ends of a broken
bone or irregular joint surface
dislocation
the disrupting or "coming apart" of body part from its normal position
edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
effusion
the escape of fluid, such as from blood vessels as a result of rapture or seepage
erythema
redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes
fracture
any break in a bone or tooth
greenstick fracture
a fracture of the bone, occurring typically in children, in which one side of the bone is
broken and the other only bent.
gait
a manner of walking or moving on foot
gout
a form of arthritis, is a disorder of purine metabolism that results from an elevated
serum uric acid level
mechanism of injury
the method by which damage to skin, muscles, organs, and bones happens. medical
providers use MOI to help determine how likely it is that a serious injury occurred
orthopedics
branch of medicine concerned with prevention and correction of musculoskeletal system
disorders
paralysis
loss of muscle function through injury, disease, or damage to its nerve supply. most
paralysis is due to stroke or spinal cord injury.
periosteum
tough connective sheath that covers the bone
, range of motion
extent of movement of a joint, measured in degrees of a circle
sprain
the stretching or tearing of ligaments that causes pain and disability
strain
muscle or tendon injury resulting from violent contraction or excessive force
tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon usually from a strain
how many types of muscles are there?
3- voluntary, involuntary, cardiac
voluntary muscle
known as skeletal muscle, is under conscious control of the brain via the nervous
system
involuntary muscle
known as smooth muscle, is found in the gastrointestinal system, lungs, blood vessels,
and urinary system
cardiac muscle
a specialized form of involuntary muscle, is found only in the heart
skull
the bony structure that forms the head. it supports the structure of the face and provides
a protective cavity for the brain.
cranium
top portion of the skull that protects the brain
what bones are included in the cranium?
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid
what are the facial bones that connect to the cranium?
mandible, maxillae, and nasal bones
how many bones are in the wrist?
8 small bones found in two rows of four bones
what are wrist bones called?
carpals
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
adduction
movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
angulated fracture
fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other
articulation
where two bones meet
atrophy
decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue
bursa
small serous sac between a tendon and a bone
bursitis
Inflammation of the connective tissue structure surrounding a joint
cartilage
tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form certain body parts
such as the ear
closed extremity injury
an injury to an extremity with no associated opening in the skin
comminuted fracture
a fracture in which the bone is broken in several places
compartment syndrome
injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a
space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast
crepitus
,grating or crackling sound or sensation; may occur with movement of ends of a broken
bone or irregular joint surface
dislocation
the disrupting or "coming apart" of body part from its normal position
edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
effusion
the escape of fluid, such as from blood vessels as a result of rapture or seepage
erythema
redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes
fracture
any break in a bone or tooth
greenstick fracture
a fracture of the bone, occurring typically in children, in which one side of the bone is
broken and the other only bent.
gait
a manner of walking or moving on foot
gout
a form of arthritis, is a disorder of purine metabolism that results from an elevated
serum uric acid level
mechanism of injury
the method by which damage to skin, muscles, organs, and bones happens. medical
providers use MOI to help determine how likely it is that a serious injury occurred
orthopedics
branch of medicine concerned with prevention and correction of musculoskeletal system
disorders
paralysis
loss of muscle function through injury, disease, or damage to its nerve supply. most
paralysis is due to stroke or spinal cord injury.
periosteum
tough connective sheath that covers the bone
, range of motion
extent of movement of a joint, measured in degrees of a circle
sprain
the stretching or tearing of ligaments that causes pain and disability
strain
muscle or tendon injury resulting from violent contraction or excessive force
tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon usually from a strain
how many types of muscles are there?
3- voluntary, involuntary, cardiac
voluntary muscle
known as skeletal muscle, is under conscious control of the brain via the nervous
system
involuntary muscle
known as smooth muscle, is found in the gastrointestinal system, lungs, blood vessels,
and urinary system
cardiac muscle
a specialized form of involuntary muscle, is found only in the heart
skull
the bony structure that forms the head. it supports the structure of the face and provides
a protective cavity for the brain.
cranium
top portion of the skull that protects the brain
what bones are included in the cranium?
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid
what are the facial bones that connect to the cranium?
mandible, maxillae, and nasal bones
how many bones are in the wrist?
8 small bones found in two rows of four bones
what are wrist bones called?
carpals
