NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.
False
Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia
false
hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of
cells
True
Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy
True
proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease
sensitivity
how likely the same result will occur if repeated
reliability
how a tool measures what it is intended to measure
validity
people without the disease who are negative on a given test
specificity
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?
it includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply.
1: Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.
1: Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.
1: They are found far from the site of energy consumption.
,2:They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?
pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these examples of?
signs and symptoms
Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity?
If negative, it can safely be assumed that the person does not have a disease
Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following?
Etiologic factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example:
Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to
reduce complications or deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one must take
after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.
In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes
to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in arterial blood
supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and
pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs,
and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis.
necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example of this
would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get
destroyed after the cells death. This could cause necrosis
sunburn
radiation injury
obesity
nutritional imbalances
reactive oxygen species
free radical injury
low oxygen to tissues
hypoxic cell injury
fractures
physical agents
, OTC drugs
Chemical injury
hypothermia
physical agents
radiation treatment
radiation injury
lead toxicity
chemical injury
bacteria
biologic agents
List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example of each.
Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular and gets its o2 from the capillaries
found in the neighboring connective tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue which
means one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between tissues and the
central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to internal and external stimuli, helps
with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons are an example of this, they aid in communicating to
other cells in the body, they are held and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
What term means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms or other particulate matter?
Phagocytosis
What is the term to describe when cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or chemical
gradient?
Active transport
Give one function of a membrane potential:
Generate nerve impulse, muscle contractions, or cause hormone secretion
What is the term that best describes the following process?
A transport protein aiding a lipid insoluble or large molecule across the cell membrane that would
otherwise not be able to pass through on its own.
facilitated diffusion
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not?
False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or
reoccurrence.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.
False
Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia
false
hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of
cells
True
Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy
True
proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease
sensitivity
how likely the same result will occur if repeated
reliability
how a tool measures what it is intended to measure
validity
people without the disease who are negative on a given test
specificity
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?
it includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply.
1: Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.
1: Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.
1: They are found far from the site of energy consumption.
,2:They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?
pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these examples of?
signs and symptoms
Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity?
If negative, it can safely be assumed that the person does not have a disease
Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following?
Etiologic factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example:
Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to
reduce complications or deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one must take
after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.
In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes
to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in arterial blood
supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and
pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs,
and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis.
necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example of this
would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get
destroyed after the cells death. This could cause necrosis
sunburn
radiation injury
obesity
nutritional imbalances
reactive oxygen species
free radical injury
low oxygen to tissues
hypoxic cell injury
fractures
physical agents
, OTC drugs
Chemical injury
hypothermia
physical agents
radiation treatment
radiation injury
lead toxicity
chemical injury
bacteria
biologic agents
List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example of each.
Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular and gets its o2 from the capillaries
found in the neighboring connective tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue which
means one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between tissues and the
central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to internal and external stimuli, helps
with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons are an example of this, they aid in communicating to
other cells in the body, they are held and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
What term means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms or other particulate matter?
Phagocytosis
What is the term to describe when cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or chemical
gradient?
Active transport
Give one function of a membrane potential:
Generate nerve impulse, muscle contractions, or cause hormone secretion
What is the term that best describes the following process?
A transport protein aiding a lipid insoluble or large molecule across the cell membrane that would
otherwise not be able to pass through on its own.
facilitated diffusion
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not?
False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or
reoccurrence.
