Exam (elaborations) CGC - Certified Genetic Counselor

Which are segments of DNA that code for specific traits? A. genes B. chromosomes C. proteins D. codons - ANSWER A. genes If the same base pairs are used to code for all organisms, why is there so much variation among organisms? A. The order of the codons differs between organisms. B. The order of the codons is the same between organisms. C. The codons in each organism are the same. D. The codons in each organism differ. - ANSWER A. The order of the codons differs between organisms. `DNA replication allows the basic units of heredity found on segments of DNA, called ________, to be passed on from parent to offspring. - ANSWER Genes Who is credited with creating the first accurate model of DNA? A. Rosalind Franklin B. Friedrich Miescher C. James Watson and Francis Crick D. Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei - ANSWER C. James Watson and Francis Crick What is one benefit of mapping the human genome? A. locating the chromosomal abnormalities that cause disease B. having the genomes of every living individual on file C. choosing the gender or intellectual ability of an unborn child D. cloning the individuals that comprise a nearly extinct tribe - ANSWER A. locating the chromosomal abnormalities that cause disease Rosalind Franklin is famous for which contribution to the study of DNA? A. creation of an accurate model of DNA structure B. creation of an X-ray diffraction image of DNA structure C. identification of a pattern in ratios of DNA bases D. identification of DNA in bandages that contained pus - ANSWER B. creation of an Xray diffraction image of DNA structure Which is a goal of the Human Genome Project? A. to identify the 3 billion genes that comprise the human genome B. to sequence the genome of every living individual C. to address the ethical consequences of genomic research D. to establish a population of human clones - ANSWER C. to address the ethical consequences of genomic research Who first identified DNA? A. Rosalind Franklin B. Erwin Chargaff C. Friedrich Miescher D. James Watson - ANSWER C. Friedrich Miescher Which best describes the outcome of DNA replication? A. The new DNA molecule consists of one strand of DNA. B. The new DNA molecule accumulates a new strand of DNA with each replication. C. The new DNA molecule consists of one new strand and one old strand of DNA. D. The new DNA molecule contains new DNA, and the old molecule keeps the old DNA. - ANSWER C. The new DNA molecule consists of one new strand and one old strand of DNA. Organisms inherit specific traits and characteristics from their parents. Albinism is an inherited disorder that occurs when an organism is unable to produce or distribute melanin. Melanin is a substance in the body that helps determine skin color, hair color, and eye color. Which of the following is responsible for passing albinism from a parent organism to its offspring?