SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE (SEC-II)
Semester - II
Course code: T/P C H/ W
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES T 2 2
Objectives To understand the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies such as forest, water,
mineral and energy and land resources.
To portray the eco system bio diversity and its conservation.
To impart the knowledge of environmental pollution
To know the importance of field work to study common plants, insects and birds and visit
local areas to document environmental assets.
The Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and importance
Unit -I
- Need for public awareness
Natural Resources: Renewable and non-renewable resources
A). Forest Resources: Use and Over-Exploitation, Deforestation, Case Studies, Timber
Extraction, Mining, Dams and Their Effect on Forests and Tribal People.
B). Water Resources: Use and Over-Utilization of Surface and Ground Water, Floods,
Drought, Conflicts over Water, Dams- Benefits and Problems.
C). Mineral Resources: Use and Exploitation, Experimental Effects of Extracting and Using
Mineral Resources, Case Studies.
D). Food Resources: World Food Problems, Changes Caused by Agriculture and
Unit-II
Overgrazing, Effects of Modern Agriculture, Fertilizer-Pesticide Problems, Water Logging,
Salinity, Case Studies.
E). Energy Resources: Growing Energy Needs, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy
Sources, Use of Alternate Energy Resources, Case Studies.
F). Land Resources: Land as a Resource, Land Degradation, Main Induced Landsides, Soil-
Erosion and Desertification.
Role of Individual in Conservation of Natural Resources
Equitable Use of Resources for Sustainable Lifestyle
ECOSYSTEMS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION
Ecosystems: Concept of an Ecosystem, Structure and Function of an Ecosystem, Energy Flow
in The Ecosystem, Food Chains, Food Webs and Ecological Pyramids.
Biodiversity and Its Conservation: Introduction- Definition: Genetic, Species and
Ecosystem Diversity, Bio-Geographical Classification of India, Value of Biodiversity:
Unit- III
Consumptive Use, Productive Use, Social Ethical, Aesthetic and Option Values. Biodiversity
at Global, National and Local Levels, India as a Mega-Diversity Nation, Hot Spots of
Biodiversity, Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat Loss, Poaching of Wildlife, Man-Wildlife
Conflicts, Endangered and Endemic Species of India, Conservation of Biodiversity: In-Situ
And Ex-Situ Conservation of Biodiversity.
Environmental Pollution: Causes, Effects And Control Measures of: A).Air Pollution, B).
Unit -IV Water Pollution, C). Soil Pollution, D). Marine Pollution, E). Noise Pollution, F). Thermal
Pollution, G). Nuclear Hazards.
Field Work
Visit to a Local Area to Document Environmental Assets–River/ Forest/ Grassland/ Hill/
Mountain
Unit -V
Visit to a Local Polluted Site- Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural
Study of Common Plants, Insects, Birds
Study of Simple Ecosystem-Pond, River, Hill Slopes, etc.,
,Reference and Textbooks: -
Agarwal, K. C. (2001). Environmental Biology. Nidi Publication Ltd.
Bharucha, E. (2002). The Biodiversity of India (Vol. 1). Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd, Ahamedabad, India.
Brunner, C. R. (1993). Hazardous waste incineration. Mcgraw Hill Inc.
Clark, R. B., Frid, C., & Attrill, M. (2001). Marine pollution (Vol. 5). Oxford: Oxford university press.
Cunningham, W. P., Cooper, T. H., Gorham, E., & Hepworth, M. T. (1998). Environmental encyclopedia.
De, A.K. (1990). Environmental Chemistry. Wiley Eastern Ltd.
Gleick, H.P.(1993). Water In Crisis, Pacific Institute For Studies In Dev, Environment & Security. Stockholm
Env. Institute, Oxford University Press.
Goel, P. K., & Trivedi, R. K. (1998). An introduction to air pollution. Technoscience Publication, India.
Hawkins, R. E. Encyclopedia of Indian Natural History. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay.
Heywood, V. H., & Watson, R. T. (1995). Global biodiversity assessment (Vol. 1140). Cambridge: Cambridge
university press.
Jadhav, H. V., & Bhosale, V. M. (2006). Environmental Protection and laws. Himalaya Publishing House.
McKinney, M. L., & Schoch, R. M. (1996). Environmental Science: Systems and Solutions (St. Paul, MN).
Mhaskar, A. K. Matter Hazardous. Techno-Science Publications.
Miller, T. G. (1989). Environmental Science: Working with the earth (2 nd). Wadsworth Publicing Co.
Narain, S., Mahapatra, R., Das, S., Misra, A., Parrey, A. A., Pandey, K., & Banerjee, S. (2014). Down to
Earth. Centre for Science and Environment.
Odum, E. P., & Barrett, G. W. (1971). Fundamentals of ecology (Vol. 3, p. 5). Philadelphia: Saunders.
Rao, M.N., & Datta, A.K. (1987). Waste Water Treatment. Oxford & Ibh Publ, Co.Pvt. Ltd.
Sharma, B. K. (2001). Environmental Chemistry–6th Revised Edition.
Townsend, C.R., Begon, M., & Harper, J.L. (2008). Essentials of Ecology (3rd edition). Oxford: Blackwell
Publishing.
Trivedi, R. K. (2010). Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and Standards. Vol.
I and II, Enviro Media.
Wanger, K.D. (1998). Environmental Management. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA.
On successful completion of the subject, the students acquired knowledge about:
Renewable and non-renewable resources.
Species and Ecosystem Diversity, Bio-Geographical Classification of India, Value of
Biodiversity:
Outcomes Causes, Effects and Control Measures of environmental pollution
Field work knowledge of studying eco system pond, river, hill and common plants,
insects and birds
Documentation of environmental assets
, CHAPTER-1
MULTIDISCIPLINARYNATUREOFENVIRONMENTALST
UDIES AND NATURAL RESOURCES
UNIT I
MULTIDISCIPLINARYNATUREOFENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES
INTRODUCTION
The word environment is derived from the Frenchword ‘environner’
which means to ‘encircle or surround’.
Thus our environment can be defined as “the Social, Cultural and
Physical conditions that surround, affect and influence the survival,
growth and development of people, animals and plants”
This broad definition includes the natural world and the technological
environment as well as the cultural and social contexts that shape human
lives.
It includes all factors (living and nonliving) that affect an individual
organism or population at any point in the life cycle; set of
circumstances surrounding a particular occurrence and all the things that
surrounds us.
EnvironmentalScience 1 AITT&H&S
, SEGMENTSOFENVIRONMENT
Environment consists off our segments.
1. Atmosphere-Blanket of gasessurroundingtheearth.
2. Hydrosphere-Variouswaterbodiespresentontheearth.
3. Lithosphere-Containsvarioustypesofsoilsandrocksontheearth.
4. Biosphere- Composed of all living organisms and theirinteractions
with the environment.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATUREOFENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES
TheEnvironmentstudies is amulti-disciplinarysciencebecauseitcomprises
various branches of studies like chemistry, physics, medical science, life
science, agriculture, public health, sanitary engineering etc.
It is the science of physical phenomena in the environment. It studies
about the sources, reactions, transport, effectand fate of physical and
biological speciesin the air, water, soiland the effect of from human
activity upon these.
As the environment is complex and actually made up of many different
environments like natural, constructed and cultural environments,
environmental studies is inter disciplinary in nature including the study
ofbiology, geology, politics, policy studies, law, religion engineering,
chemistry and economics to understand the humanity’s effects on the
naturalworld.
This subject educates the students to appreciate the complexity of
environmental issues and citizens and experts in many fields.
By studying environmental science, students may develop a breadth of
EnvironmentalScience 2 AITT&H&S
Semester - II
Course code: T/P C H/ W
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES T 2 2
Objectives To understand the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies such as forest, water,
mineral and energy and land resources.
To portray the eco system bio diversity and its conservation.
To impart the knowledge of environmental pollution
To know the importance of field work to study common plants, insects and birds and visit
local areas to document environmental assets.
The Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and importance
Unit -I
- Need for public awareness
Natural Resources: Renewable and non-renewable resources
A). Forest Resources: Use and Over-Exploitation, Deforestation, Case Studies, Timber
Extraction, Mining, Dams and Their Effect on Forests and Tribal People.
B). Water Resources: Use and Over-Utilization of Surface and Ground Water, Floods,
Drought, Conflicts over Water, Dams- Benefits and Problems.
C). Mineral Resources: Use and Exploitation, Experimental Effects of Extracting and Using
Mineral Resources, Case Studies.
D). Food Resources: World Food Problems, Changes Caused by Agriculture and
Unit-II
Overgrazing, Effects of Modern Agriculture, Fertilizer-Pesticide Problems, Water Logging,
Salinity, Case Studies.
E). Energy Resources: Growing Energy Needs, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy
Sources, Use of Alternate Energy Resources, Case Studies.
F). Land Resources: Land as a Resource, Land Degradation, Main Induced Landsides, Soil-
Erosion and Desertification.
Role of Individual in Conservation of Natural Resources
Equitable Use of Resources for Sustainable Lifestyle
ECOSYSTEMS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION
Ecosystems: Concept of an Ecosystem, Structure and Function of an Ecosystem, Energy Flow
in The Ecosystem, Food Chains, Food Webs and Ecological Pyramids.
Biodiversity and Its Conservation: Introduction- Definition: Genetic, Species and
Ecosystem Diversity, Bio-Geographical Classification of India, Value of Biodiversity:
Unit- III
Consumptive Use, Productive Use, Social Ethical, Aesthetic and Option Values. Biodiversity
at Global, National and Local Levels, India as a Mega-Diversity Nation, Hot Spots of
Biodiversity, Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat Loss, Poaching of Wildlife, Man-Wildlife
Conflicts, Endangered and Endemic Species of India, Conservation of Biodiversity: In-Situ
And Ex-Situ Conservation of Biodiversity.
Environmental Pollution: Causes, Effects And Control Measures of: A).Air Pollution, B).
Unit -IV Water Pollution, C). Soil Pollution, D). Marine Pollution, E). Noise Pollution, F). Thermal
Pollution, G). Nuclear Hazards.
Field Work
Visit to a Local Area to Document Environmental Assets–River/ Forest/ Grassland/ Hill/
Mountain
Unit -V
Visit to a Local Polluted Site- Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural
Study of Common Plants, Insects, Birds
Study of Simple Ecosystem-Pond, River, Hill Slopes, etc.,
,Reference and Textbooks: -
Agarwal, K. C. (2001). Environmental Biology. Nidi Publication Ltd.
Bharucha, E. (2002). The Biodiversity of India (Vol. 1). Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd, Ahamedabad, India.
Brunner, C. R. (1993). Hazardous waste incineration. Mcgraw Hill Inc.
Clark, R. B., Frid, C., & Attrill, M. (2001). Marine pollution (Vol. 5). Oxford: Oxford university press.
Cunningham, W. P., Cooper, T. H., Gorham, E., & Hepworth, M. T. (1998). Environmental encyclopedia.
De, A.K. (1990). Environmental Chemistry. Wiley Eastern Ltd.
Gleick, H.P.(1993). Water In Crisis, Pacific Institute For Studies In Dev, Environment & Security. Stockholm
Env. Institute, Oxford University Press.
Goel, P. K., & Trivedi, R. K. (1998). An introduction to air pollution. Technoscience Publication, India.
Hawkins, R. E. Encyclopedia of Indian Natural History. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay.
Heywood, V. H., & Watson, R. T. (1995). Global biodiversity assessment (Vol. 1140). Cambridge: Cambridge
university press.
Jadhav, H. V., & Bhosale, V. M. (2006). Environmental Protection and laws. Himalaya Publishing House.
McKinney, M. L., & Schoch, R. M. (1996). Environmental Science: Systems and Solutions (St. Paul, MN).
Mhaskar, A. K. Matter Hazardous. Techno-Science Publications.
Miller, T. G. (1989). Environmental Science: Working with the earth (2 nd). Wadsworth Publicing Co.
Narain, S., Mahapatra, R., Das, S., Misra, A., Parrey, A. A., Pandey, K., & Banerjee, S. (2014). Down to
Earth. Centre for Science and Environment.
Odum, E. P., & Barrett, G. W. (1971). Fundamentals of ecology (Vol. 3, p. 5). Philadelphia: Saunders.
Rao, M.N., & Datta, A.K. (1987). Waste Water Treatment. Oxford & Ibh Publ, Co.Pvt. Ltd.
Sharma, B. K. (2001). Environmental Chemistry–6th Revised Edition.
Townsend, C.R., Begon, M., & Harper, J.L. (2008). Essentials of Ecology (3rd edition). Oxford: Blackwell
Publishing.
Trivedi, R. K. (2010). Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and Standards. Vol.
I and II, Enviro Media.
Wanger, K.D. (1998). Environmental Management. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA.
On successful completion of the subject, the students acquired knowledge about:
Renewable and non-renewable resources.
Species and Ecosystem Diversity, Bio-Geographical Classification of India, Value of
Biodiversity:
Outcomes Causes, Effects and Control Measures of environmental pollution
Field work knowledge of studying eco system pond, river, hill and common plants,
insects and birds
Documentation of environmental assets
, CHAPTER-1
MULTIDISCIPLINARYNATUREOFENVIRONMENTALST
UDIES AND NATURAL RESOURCES
UNIT I
MULTIDISCIPLINARYNATUREOFENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES
INTRODUCTION
The word environment is derived from the Frenchword ‘environner’
which means to ‘encircle or surround’.
Thus our environment can be defined as “the Social, Cultural and
Physical conditions that surround, affect and influence the survival,
growth and development of people, animals and plants”
This broad definition includes the natural world and the technological
environment as well as the cultural and social contexts that shape human
lives.
It includes all factors (living and nonliving) that affect an individual
organism or population at any point in the life cycle; set of
circumstances surrounding a particular occurrence and all the things that
surrounds us.
EnvironmentalScience 1 AITT&H&S
, SEGMENTSOFENVIRONMENT
Environment consists off our segments.
1. Atmosphere-Blanket of gasessurroundingtheearth.
2. Hydrosphere-Variouswaterbodiespresentontheearth.
3. Lithosphere-Containsvarioustypesofsoilsandrocksontheearth.
4. Biosphere- Composed of all living organisms and theirinteractions
with the environment.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATUREOFENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES
TheEnvironmentstudies is amulti-disciplinarysciencebecauseitcomprises
various branches of studies like chemistry, physics, medical science, life
science, agriculture, public health, sanitary engineering etc.
It is the science of physical phenomena in the environment. It studies
about the sources, reactions, transport, effectand fate of physical and
biological speciesin the air, water, soiland the effect of from human
activity upon these.
As the environment is complex and actually made up of many different
environments like natural, constructed and cultural environments,
environmental studies is inter disciplinary in nature including the study
ofbiology, geology, politics, policy studies, law, religion engineering,
chemistry and economics to understand the humanity’s effects on the
naturalworld.
This subject educates the students to appreciate the complexity of
environmental issues and citizens and experts in many fields.
By studying environmental science, students may develop a breadth of
EnvironmentalScience 2 AITT&H&S
