Family Nurse Practitioner Test Questions with Complete Solutions, A+

Sensitivity - defined as the ability of a test to detect a person who has the disease. Specificity - defined as the ability of a test to detect a person who is healthy or to detect the person without the disease. Trauma to Kiesselbachs plexus - will result in an anterior nosebleed The diagnostic or gold standard test for sickle cell anemia, G6PD anemia, and alpha or beta thalassemia - hemoglobin electrophoresis questions asking for "action" - the initial action might be to interview and gather subjective data or the history erythromycin "allergy" vs adverse reaction - adverse reactio-symptoms of nausea or GI upset allergy -hives, angioedema acute mononucleosis - the patient will most likely be a teen presenting with the classic triad of sore throat, prolonged fatigue, and enlarged cervical nodes. Alpha thalassemia - more common among Southeast Asians such as filipinos Lupus - present with malar rash(butterfly rash)Pts need to avoid or to minimize sunlight exposure(photosensitivity) treatment for polymyalgic rheumatica(PMR) - first line treatment for PMR includes long-term steroids. Long term steroids are commonly used to control symptoms(pain, stiffness on shoulders, and hip girdle). PMR pts have higher risk for temporal arteritis. Gold standard exam for temporal arteritis - biopsy of the temporal artery. refer pt to opthalmologist for mgt Finkelstein's test - Positive in De Quervains tenosynovitis Anterior Drawer maneuver and Lachman maneuver - Positive if anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of knee damaged. The knee may also be unstable McMurray's sign - Positive in meniscus injuries of the knee Damaged Joints - order X-ray first, but MRI is the Gold Standard Diabetic retinopathy - neovascularization, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, and micoaneurysms Hypertensive retinopathy - AV nicking, silver and or copper wire arterioles Checking deep tendon reflexes - absent(0), hypoactive (1) normal(2) hyperactive(3) clonus(4) define clonus - Clonus is typically seen in patients with stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord damage and hepatic encephalopathy. Clonus has also appeared after ingesting potent serotonergic drugs, where ingestion strongly predicts imminent serotonin toxicity (serotonin syndrome). Clonus is a series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and relaxations. Clonus is a sign of certain neurological conditions, particularly associated with upper motor neuron lesions involving descending motor pathways, and in many cases is, accompanied by spasticity (another form of hyperexcitability).Unlike small, spontaneous twitches known as fasciculations (usually caused by lower motor neuron pathology), clonus causes large motions that are usually initiated by a reflex. A rare but serious adverse effect of ACE inhibitors is - angioedema A common side effect of ACE inhibitors is a - dry cough(10%) First line drug to treat hypertension in diabetics and patients with mild renal disease because of their renal protective properties - ACE inhibitors or ARBS Penicillin - amoxicillin(broad-spectrum PCN) Penicillin VK Macrolide - erythromycin, azithromycin(Z-Pack), or clarithromycin(Biaxin) Cephalosporins: - 1st generation(Keflex), 2nd generation(Cefaclor, Ceftin, Cefzil)3rd generation(Rocephin, Suprax, Omnicef)