PSYC 435 - Abnormal Psychology Quiz 1
Concepts Exam Questions With Verified
Answers Graded A+
Why is abnormality so difficult to define?
What is considered abnormal by one may be considered normal by another
What characteristics help us recognize abnormality?
1. subjective distress
2. maladaptiveness
3. statistical deviancy
4. violation of the standards of society
5. social discomfort
6. irrationality and unpredictability
7. dangerousness
What is stigma? How common is it?
Preconceived negative attitudes about a particular subject that are extremely common
What challenges are involved in reducing stigma toward people with mental illness?
Knowledge alone is not enough to remove stigmas
A person's self-concept may be directly affected by being given a diagnosis - perpetuating stigma
Fear of individuals who exhibit dangerous or unpredictable behavior perpetuates stigma
What is epidemiology?
involves the study of the distribution and frequency of disorders
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?
Incidence is the number of new cases in a population within a certain period. Prevalence is the total
number of cases in a population in a certain period - including both new and existing cases
What are the most common mental disorders?
Mood, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders
How is illness severity associated with comorbidity?
Comorbidity is positively correlated with illness severity
What are the strengths and limitations of case studies?
new ideas and stimulus for research. insight into rare clinical conditions
Studying and drawing inferences from past case studies alone often leads to erroneous thinking as we
often focus on data that confirm our ideas of how things are.
Why is it desirable not to rely solely on self-report data as a source of information?
Because people will occasionally lie, misinterpret the question, or desire to present themselves in a
particularly favorable (or unfavorable) light
, What is the difference between self-report and observational data?
Self-report data is the individual's personal subjective experience, whereas observational data is what
is observable to everyone as it currently is
What range of measures could be considered to reflect observational data?
Direct observation, biological, laboratory, technological, clinical
Explain what the term representative sample means
A group that is as indicative of what the entire population is as possible
What is a sample of convenience?
A sample of what is most readily available, though not necessarily most indicative of the entire
population
What is the difference between internal and external validity? How can external validity be
maximized?
Internal: how confident we are in the results of that study
External: the extent to which we can generalize the findings of a study
Create a sample that has wide ranges of various factors to represent the most of the population
Why are comparison or control groups so important?
researchers cannot test their hypothesis adequately. The control group must be comparable in all
major respects to the criterion group except for the fact that they do not exhibit the disorder of
interest.
• comparison of the variables of interest shows if there are significant differences.
How is experimental research different from correlational research?
Experimental research manipulates the variables and environments whereas correlational research
observes without interference
In experimental research, which variable (independent or dependent) is manipulated?
Independent
What is a placebo?
A treatment that has no effect.
Explain the process of performing an ABAB design. Why are such designs helpful to clinicians and
researchers?
With/without/with/without treatment - infer causal relationships and determine how well the
treatment works
Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders.
• A precise definition of abnormality remains elusive. Consider subjective distress, maladaptiveness,
statistical deviancy, violation of societal norms, social discomfort, irrationality and unpredictability,
and dangerousness.
• The DSM employs a category type of classification similar to that used in medicine. Disorders are
Concepts Exam Questions With Verified
Answers Graded A+
Why is abnormality so difficult to define?
What is considered abnormal by one may be considered normal by another
What characteristics help us recognize abnormality?
1. subjective distress
2. maladaptiveness
3. statistical deviancy
4. violation of the standards of society
5. social discomfort
6. irrationality and unpredictability
7. dangerousness
What is stigma? How common is it?
Preconceived negative attitudes about a particular subject that are extremely common
What challenges are involved in reducing stigma toward people with mental illness?
Knowledge alone is not enough to remove stigmas
A person's self-concept may be directly affected by being given a diagnosis - perpetuating stigma
Fear of individuals who exhibit dangerous or unpredictable behavior perpetuates stigma
What is epidemiology?
involves the study of the distribution and frequency of disorders
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?
Incidence is the number of new cases in a population within a certain period. Prevalence is the total
number of cases in a population in a certain period - including both new and existing cases
What are the most common mental disorders?
Mood, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders
How is illness severity associated with comorbidity?
Comorbidity is positively correlated with illness severity
What are the strengths and limitations of case studies?
new ideas and stimulus for research. insight into rare clinical conditions
Studying and drawing inferences from past case studies alone often leads to erroneous thinking as we
often focus on data that confirm our ideas of how things are.
Why is it desirable not to rely solely on self-report data as a source of information?
Because people will occasionally lie, misinterpret the question, or desire to present themselves in a
particularly favorable (or unfavorable) light
, What is the difference between self-report and observational data?
Self-report data is the individual's personal subjective experience, whereas observational data is what
is observable to everyone as it currently is
What range of measures could be considered to reflect observational data?
Direct observation, biological, laboratory, technological, clinical
Explain what the term representative sample means
A group that is as indicative of what the entire population is as possible
What is a sample of convenience?
A sample of what is most readily available, though not necessarily most indicative of the entire
population
What is the difference between internal and external validity? How can external validity be
maximized?
Internal: how confident we are in the results of that study
External: the extent to which we can generalize the findings of a study
Create a sample that has wide ranges of various factors to represent the most of the population
Why are comparison or control groups so important?
researchers cannot test their hypothesis adequately. The control group must be comparable in all
major respects to the criterion group except for the fact that they do not exhibit the disorder of
interest.
• comparison of the variables of interest shows if there are significant differences.
How is experimental research different from correlational research?
Experimental research manipulates the variables and environments whereas correlational research
observes without interference
In experimental research, which variable (independent or dependent) is manipulated?
Independent
What is a placebo?
A treatment that has no effect.
Explain the process of performing an ABAB design. Why are such designs helpful to clinicians and
researchers?
With/without/with/without treatment - infer causal relationships and determine how well the
treatment works
Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders.
• A precise definition of abnormality remains elusive. Consider subjective distress, maladaptiveness,
statistical deviancy, violation of societal norms, social discomfort, irrationality and unpredictability,
and dangerousness.
• The DSM employs a category type of classification similar to that used in medicine. Disorders are
