Elaborate NBCOT COTA Exam Prep
Questions and Answers.
superficial burn// first degree burn -
\involves the epidermis only! minimal pain and edema. no blisters. healing time: 3-7
days.EXAMPLE: sunburn
superficial partial thickness burn// second degree burn -
\involves the epidermis AND upper portion of the dermis. appears red, blistering, and
wet. painful and heals without grafting. healing time: 7-21 days.
deep partial thickness burn// deep second degree burn -
\more severe. involves the epidermis AND deep portion of dermis. hair follicles and
sweat glands are also involved. appears red, white, and elastic. sensation may be
impaired. healing: 21-35 days.may leave scar.
full thickness burn// third degree burn -
\involves the epidermis AND dermis AND hair follicles AND sweat glands AND nerve
endings (so it wont hurt). appears white, waxy, leathery, nonelastic. sensation is absent
and requires skin graft. hypertrophic scarring. healing: months.
raynaud's disease -
\condition in which some areas of the body feel numb and cool in certain circumstances.
often accompanied by changes in color of skin. treatment: dress warmer (self care).
cryotherapy -
\commonly used to treat acute injuries, like an ankle sprain, and post surgical repairs,
like total knee replacement. it is indicated for spasticity to decrease abnormal tone.
skier's thumb -
\condition of rupture of the ulnar collaeral ligament of the MCP joint of the thumb.
usually the result og a fall while skiing with the thumb held in a ski pole, or a similar
injury.
de quervain's syndrome -
\cululative trauma disorder in which stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis
longuss and extensor pollicis brevis results in pain and swelling over the radial styloid.
rood 4 sequential phases of motor control -
\1. reciprocal inhibition/ innervation 2. co-contraction 3. heavy work 4. skill
rood phase 1- reciprocal inhibition/ innervation phase -
\an early mobility pattern that is primarily a reflex governed by the spinal and supra
spinal centers.
,rood phase 2- co-contraction -
\a simultaneous contraction of the agonist and the antagonist that provides stability in a
static position, and is used to hold a position or object for a long duration
rood phase 3- heavy work -
\proximal muscles contract and move while the distal segments are fixed. this is also
termed mobility superimposed on stability
rood phase 4- skill -
\
A fibers -
\large, myelinated fast-conducting nerve fibers
delta nerve fibers -
\carry pain, temperature, and touch signals
gamma nerve fibers -
\carry motor signals to muscle spindles
beta nerve fibers -
\carry touch and pressure signals
alpha nerve fibers -
\carry somatic motor signals and proprioception
shoulder disarticulation -
\loss of the entire upper extremety
forequarter amputation -
\loss of clavicle, the scapula, and the entire upper extremity
above- elbow amputation -
\above the elbow at any level on the upper arm
elbow disarticulation -
\amputation of the upper extremity distal to the elbow joint
overhead suspension sling -
\type of supportive orthoses. it incorporates an arm support that is placed in a sling and
suspended by an overhead rod. people with proximal weakness with muscle grades in
the 1-3 (of 5) range are appropriate candidates.
rood cone -
\cone shaped splint used to reduce flexor spasticity of the hand
,spasticity reduction splint -
\places the spastic distal extremity on submaximal stretch to reduce spasticity
bobath finger spreader -
\soft splint that positions the digits and thumb in abduction in an effort to reduce tone
tenodesis splint -
\for spinal cord injury at c6-c7
dynamic wrist, finger, and thumb extension splint -
\for radial nerve palsy
flair arm splint -
\for brachial plexus injury
opponens splint -
\for median nerve injury. this injury can also use a C-bar or thumb post splint
nonfunctional approach -
\based on learning theory and is used for individuals with acquired neurological
impairments. focuses on retraining real-world skills rather than cognitive-perceptual
process. treatment is focused on training specific functional skills in true contexts.
dynamic international approach -
\emphasizes transfer of information from one situation to the next. utilizes varying
treatment environments and emphasizes metacognitive skills as the basis of learning
and generalization of learning.
information processing approach -
\provides information on how the individual approaches the task and investigates how
performance changes with cuing. cues and feedback are used to draw attention to the
relevant features of a task
compensatory/ adaptive/ functional approach -
\involves repetitive practice of functional tasks and emphasizes modification in order to
maximize function (like replacing shoelaces with velcro closure). activity choice is driven
by the task the patient wants to perform. this approach treats the symptoms, not the
cause, of impairment.
air-fluidized beds -
\for people with non-healing full thickness ulcers. they are a type of dynamic, electric-
powered device.
alternating and low air loss mattresses -
, \indicated for people with full thickness ulcers or those at moderate to high risk of ulcer
formation. they are a type of dynamic, electric-powered device.
air, foam, gel, or water cushions and mattresses -
\intended to distribute pressure. they function with nonelectrical means. they are
preventative devices. they offer ways to distribute pressure but are not sufficient for
individuals with full thickness ulcers.
brachial pulse -
\palpated at the medial aspects of the antecubital fossa
carotid pulse -
\palpated on either side of the anterior neck between the sternocleidomastoid and the
trachea
radial pulse -
\most common monitoring site and is palpated at the radial wrist, at the base of the
thumb
temporal pulse -
\palpated superior and lateral to the eye
5 years old (dressing) -
\child can typically tie and untie knots. also able to dress unsupervised
4 years old (dressing) -
\child can typically remove pullover garments independently, buckle a belt, zip a jacket,
put on socks correctly, put on shoes without laces, lace shoes, and tell front from back
on garment.
3 years old (dressing) -
\child can typically put on a pullover shirt with minimul help, put on shoes without
fasteners, put on socks, pull down pants independently, zip and unzip jacket once its on
track, require assistance to remove pullover shirt and able to button large front buttons.
2 years old (dressing) -
\child can typicall remove unfastened coat, remove shoes if laces are untied, help to pull
down pants, and find armholes of pullover shirt.
dura mater -
\outer tough, fibrous membrane that is attached to the inner surface of the cranium. it
forms the falx and the tentorium.
arachoid matter -
\delicate vascular membrane
Questions and Answers.
superficial burn// first degree burn -
\involves the epidermis only! minimal pain and edema. no blisters. healing time: 3-7
days.EXAMPLE: sunburn
superficial partial thickness burn// second degree burn -
\involves the epidermis AND upper portion of the dermis. appears red, blistering, and
wet. painful and heals without grafting. healing time: 7-21 days.
deep partial thickness burn// deep second degree burn -
\more severe. involves the epidermis AND deep portion of dermis. hair follicles and
sweat glands are also involved. appears red, white, and elastic. sensation may be
impaired. healing: 21-35 days.may leave scar.
full thickness burn// third degree burn -
\involves the epidermis AND dermis AND hair follicles AND sweat glands AND nerve
endings (so it wont hurt). appears white, waxy, leathery, nonelastic. sensation is absent
and requires skin graft. hypertrophic scarring. healing: months.
raynaud's disease -
\condition in which some areas of the body feel numb and cool in certain circumstances.
often accompanied by changes in color of skin. treatment: dress warmer (self care).
cryotherapy -
\commonly used to treat acute injuries, like an ankle sprain, and post surgical repairs,
like total knee replacement. it is indicated for spasticity to decrease abnormal tone.
skier's thumb -
\condition of rupture of the ulnar collaeral ligament of the MCP joint of the thumb.
usually the result og a fall while skiing with the thumb held in a ski pole, or a similar
injury.
de quervain's syndrome -
\cululative trauma disorder in which stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis
longuss and extensor pollicis brevis results in pain and swelling over the radial styloid.
rood 4 sequential phases of motor control -
\1. reciprocal inhibition/ innervation 2. co-contraction 3. heavy work 4. skill
rood phase 1- reciprocal inhibition/ innervation phase -
\an early mobility pattern that is primarily a reflex governed by the spinal and supra
spinal centers.
,rood phase 2- co-contraction -
\a simultaneous contraction of the agonist and the antagonist that provides stability in a
static position, and is used to hold a position or object for a long duration
rood phase 3- heavy work -
\proximal muscles contract and move while the distal segments are fixed. this is also
termed mobility superimposed on stability
rood phase 4- skill -
\
A fibers -
\large, myelinated fast-conducting nerve fibers
delta nerve fibers -
\carry pain, temperature, and touch signals
gamma nerve fibers -
\carry motor signals to muscle spindles
beta nerve fibers -
\carry touch and pressure signals
alpha nerve fibers -
\carry somatic motor signals and proprioception
shoulder disarticulation -
\loss of the entire upper extremety
forequarter amputation -
\loss of clavicle, the scapula, and the entire upper extremity
above- elbow amputation -
\above the elbow at any level on the upper arm
elbow disarticulation -
\amputation of the upper extremity distal to the elbow joint
overhead suspension sling -
\type of supportive orthoses. it incorporates an arm support that is placed in a sling and
suspended by an overhead rod. people with proximal weakness with muscle grades in
the 1-3 (of 5) range are appropriate candidates.
rood cone -
\cone shaped splint used to reduce flexor spasticity of the hand
,spasticity reduction splint -
\places the spastic distal extremity on submaximal stretch to reduce spasticity
bobath finger spreader -
\soft splint that positions the digits and thumb in abduction in an effort to reduce tone
tenodesis splint -
\for spinal cord injury at c6-c7
dynamic wrist, finger, and thumb extension splint -
\for radial nerve palsy
flair arm splint -
\for brachial plexus injury
opponens splint -
\for median nerve injury. this injury can also use a C-bar or thumb post splint
nonfunctional approach -
\based on learning theory and is used for individuals with acquired neurological
impairments. focuses on retraining real-world skills rather than cognitive-perceptual
process. treatment is focused on training specific functional skills in true contexts.
dynamic international approach -
\emphasizes transfer of information from one situation to the next. utilizes varying
treatment environments and emphasizes metacognitive skills as the basis of learning
and generalization of learning.
information processing approach -
\provides information on how the individual approaches the task and investigates how
performance changes with cuing. cues and feedback are used to draw attention to the
relevant features of a task
compensatory/ adaptive/ functional approach -
\involves repetitive practice of functional tasks and emphasizes modification in order to
maximize function (like replacing shoelaces with velcro closure). activity choice is driven
by the task the patient wants to perform. this approach treats the symptoms, not the
cause, of impairment.
air-fluidized beds -
\for people with non-healing full thickness ulcers. they are a type of dynamic, electric-
powered device.
alternating and low air loss mattresses -
, \indicated for people with full thickness ulcers or those at moderate to high risk of ulcer
formation. they are a type of dynamic, electric-powered device.
air, foam, gel, or water cushions and mattresses -
\intended to distribute pressure. they function with nonelectrical means. they are
preventative devices. they offer ways to distribute pressure but are not sufficient for
individuals with full thickness ulcers.
brachial pulse -
\palpated at the medial aspects of the antecubital fossa
carotid pulse -
\palpated on either side of the anterior neck between the sternocleidomastoid and the
trachea
radial pulse -
\most common monitoring site and is palpated at the radial wrist, at the base of the
thumb
temporal pulse -
\palpated superior and lateral to the eye
5 years old (dressing) -
\child can typically tie and untie knots. also able to dress unsupervised
4 years old (dressing) -
\child can typically remove pullover garments independently, buckle a belt, zip a jacket,
put on socks correctly, put on shoes without laces, lace shoes, and tell front from back
on garment.
3 years old (dressing) -
\child can typically put on a pullover shirt with minimul help, put on shoes without
fasteners, put on socks, pull down pants independently, zip and unzip jacket once its on
track, require assistance to remove pullover shirt and able to button large front buttons.
2 years old (dressing) -
\child can typicall remove unfastened coat, remove shoes if laces are untied, help to pull
down pants, and find armholes of pullover shirt.
dura mater -
\outer tough, fibrous membrane that is attached to the inner surface of the cranium. it
forms the falx and the tentorium.
arachoid matter -
\delicate vascular membrane
